engleski

Dihydrochalcones in old apple varieties from Croatia

Apples are a good source of polyphenols, a group of compounds with various bioactivities. In apples, flavan-3-ols, dihydrochalcones, flavonols, anthocyanins and phenolic acids are found, but dihydrochalcones are the only subgroup of polyphenols that is specific to apples. In this work, the aim was to analyse dihydrochalcones in old apple varieties found in Croatia to see if vavarieties differ amongst themselves according to the portion of dihydrochalcones. Dihydrochalcones were extracted from the peel and flesh of five old apple varieties (Lještarka, Ljetna rebrača, Slavonska srčika, Zimnjara, Adamova zvijezda) and from wild apples (crabapples). Reverse- phase high performance liquid chromatography was usee to identify dihydrochalcones (phloretin-2'-xyloglucoside and phloretin- 2'glucoside in the flesh ; phloretin-2'- glucoside in the peel). In the total polyphenol content, dihydrochalcones occupied form 3 to 12.4% in the flesh and from 0.8 to 10.8% in the peel. Slavonska srčika and Adamova zvijezda showed higher dihydrochalcones percent in the flesh and peel while Ljetna rebrača and wild apples had the lowest. Principal component analysis also confirmed that Slavonska srčika and Adamova zvijezda differ from others by higher dihydrochalcones content. Altought dihydrochalcones do not occupy a high portion in the polyphenol content, they are still an important feature of this old varieties. Slavonska srčika is considered indigenous variety from Croatia and the results from this study highlight the differences of this variety in the comparison to other. If preserved, old apple varieties could provide the basis for future breeding programs, especially varieties like Slavonska srčika.

apples ; polyphenols ; dihydrochalcones

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