engleski

4-hydroxynonenal as a marker of pathophysiological processes

The highly reactive product of lipid peroxidation 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) has been for decades generally considered as "second toxic messenger of free radicals". Consequently, its harmful effects were mostly studied. However, findings of "free HNE" present in various cells and tissues even under physiological circumstances, lead to an open field of search for its possible physiological as well as pathophysiological roles. Chromatography findings (GC and HPLC) revealed that HNE might be a relevant pathophysiological factor for several disorders, mostly related to experimental brain damage and/or ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, that was certain only for tissue extracts or sera, but not for the intact cells and tissues. On the other side, the knowledge of protein-binding affinities of HNE lead to the development of polyclonal as well as monoclonal antibodies suitable for immunodetection of HNE-protein or peptide conjugates. This approach lead to novel analytical methods such as Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and immuno-electronmicroscopy to study the presence of protein-bond, but not free aldehyde. It is certain the HNE-protein adducts appear in neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerotic plaques, inflammation and various tissue damages caused by physical or chemical agents. Thus, further studies are needed to reveal the biomedical importance and activity patterns of free as well as protein bond HNE, in particular in human and experimental pathology.

4-hydroxynonenal; lipid peroxidation; pathophisiological processes

nije evidentirano