engleski

Between Budapest and Vienna – Zagreb Public Architecture in 1880 – 1918

This paper will focus on late 19th and early 20th-century public architecture of Zagreb, the capital of Croatia. The growth of existing and the establishment of new public institutions necessitated numerous architectural projects that included both newly built structures and renovation projects of almost all older buildings that had to be extended and adapted to serve new needs. These projects were mostly entrusted to architects and engineers employed either by the state or local governments. Croatia’s political position as an autonomous province in the Hungarian part of the Austro- Hungarian Monarchy was largely reflected in public architecture. Public buildings that housed autonomous Croatian institutions (Croatian ministries, schools, university institutes, etc.) were almost exclusively designed by local Zagreb-based, mostly state engineers and architects. Buildings for public institutions under Hungarian control (finance ministry, postal and railway company) were designed by architects from Budapest, while those controlled by Austria (military barracks) were designed by Viennese and other Austrian engineers and architects. Zagreb’s public architecture in the late 19th century therefore shows an exceptional diversity - it mirrors concurrent architectural stylistic tendencies that were dominant in Vienna and Budapest, and at the same time encompasses specific regional features. A big number of public buildings were built on a monumental scale and were lavishly decorated, which was an attempt to demonstrate power and influence of public institutions. It also reflected demographic and economic growth of the city and partly was the result of the wish to compete with Budapest and Vienna. Buildings of autonomous Croatian institutions were mainly built in the old parts of Zagreb – Kaptol and Gradec while the public buildings designed by Hungarian and Austrian architects were located in the new part of the city called Lower Town.

Zagreb ; Architecture ; 19th century ; Historicism ; Art Nouveau ; Vienna ; Budapest

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