hrvatski

Geomorfometrijske značajke općine Zemunik Donji

In this paper, the geomorphometric issues of the municipality of Zemunik Donji are researched and processed, and a depiction of relief forms produced, with a review of geomorphological features. The aims of the research were to produce a DMR for the needs of geomorphometric research, to compare determinist and geostatistical methods of interpolation, to determine the optimal spatial resolutions for the models produced, to classify relief objects, to analyse the primary geomorphometric parameters, to quantify and analyse the relations between relief objects and geomorphometric parameters, and to produce a synthesis and application. During the research, determinist and geostatistical interpolation methods, comparison methods, selections methods for spatial (horizontal) resolution, methods for digitally analysing the relief, and geomorphometric, statistical, landscape and geomorphological analysis methods were applied. The process of modelling the relief and geomorphometric analysis occurred in several stages: 1) gathering altitude data, 2) interpolation and extrapolation, 3) deriving morphometric indicators, visualisation and classification, 4) analysis, interpretation and synthesis, and 5) application. Each geomorphometric parameter was processed separately, and this included analysing its structure and spatial distribution. The structure was analysed according to statistical and landscape indicators for medium, minimum and maximum surfaces, the number of geo- objects, total surface area, and proportion of the total surface area in the area researched. Based on these indicators, important information was gathered regarding the homogeneity/ heterogeneity of the structure and its spatial distribution, i.e. the fragmentation of each individual indicator in space. The indicators of individual geomorphometric parameters were linked with other parameters and geological features, in order to determine the morphogenetic regularity of the relief, and the internal cohesion/dispersion of relief forms. This correlative approach was also applied when analysing the relationships between relief forms and geomorphometric parameters. The basis used for the analysis was a classification based on a multi-criteria model, in which all the relief forms in the area of the municipality of Zemunik Donji were sorted into ten classes. After this, the statistical and landscape parameters of spatial range, structure and variability were analysed for each class of relief form: minimum, maximum and medium surface area, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variability (V), number of geo- objects, total surface area, and proportion of the total surface area of the area researched. For all categories of relief objects, an expressed link with morphometric parameters was noted, from which it could be concluded that in terms of criteria (composite) variables, they were very well defined. During the analysis, it was established that the application of an index used in analysing the landscape provided a more detailed, complete appraisal of the fragmentation of relief objects, as indicators of the recent status of the dynamic stability of the relief and its influence on the structure and function of the habitat and ecosystem. This is of great practical importance to almost all aspects of human activity. In addition, along with standard statistical indicators, indices of landscape metrics may be used to assess and evaluate any given area in the research area, for specific use for economic purposes (e.g. agriculture, livestock-breeding, traffic, etc.), and for spatial planning, predicting natural/social hazards, and more efficient management of the environment. This approach has a synergetic effect, i.e. it permits the anthropogenic effect on the fragmentation of geomorphostructures and the landscape as a whole to be assessed, i.e. its abiotic and biotic components. When planning activities linked to spatial management, all the geomorphometric parameters, their statistics, and landscape indicators must be taken into account, as these represent useful guidelines when applying various approaches to evaluating relief forms for practical purposes. It should be emphasised that, within the methodological framework of spatial planning and management, it is essential to apply two levels of approach ; one which is wider and more general, based on the differentiation between individual relief forms, and the other which is narrower and more localised, focusing on differences within a particular relief form. During the research, geomorphometric analysis proved to be a very useful, precise tool for determining and classifying relief objects. This is also valid for the geomorphological processes which are directly linked to these forms, although their character and range are not analysed in detail here. It should be mentioned that the precision of determining morphometric parameters and deriving more or less detailed depictions of geomorphological forms, as well as drawing conclusions on the character of endogenic or exogenic geomorphological processes, depend on the aim and purpose of the analysis, i.e. the needs for particular tasks in practice. The applicability of a geomorphometric analysis is based on the synergy of individual analyses of morphometric indicators and a synthetic overview of the position and significance of each individual indicator within the spatial unit. In this way, all morphometric parameters, as representatives of morphology and the effects of endogenic and exogenic processes on relief objects, can be placed in mutual relations, thus paving the way to their more complex, stratified interpretation. In this, it is important to take into account their position and influence within the spatial context as a whole, i.e. their landscape and other natural and social features.

geomorfometrija, zemunik

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