engleski

Endoscopic surgery - simulator as a mode of education

Surgical training combines theory with manual skills and procedural experience, the latter two through Halstedian mentorship. In addition, Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) requires that student develops depth perception, handeye coordination, and fine motor skills, which together may increase both the time and cost of education. In the past this additional experience was predominantly acquired by operating on cadavers/animals, or by analyzing video recordings of operations. Today this can be complemented with computer simulations. Early versions of simulators (video trainer box) aimed to improve fine motor skills on simplified tasks. Later, Virtual Reality Simulators (first generation VRS) offered similar simplified tasks using computer animation. With an increase in computing power came another generation, which replicated procedural tasks such as cholecystectomy, using Multi Slice Computed Tomography (MSCT) pictures and cartoon graphics to reconstruct the operating field. These second generation systems are currently being used to evaluate performance by measuring time, error rates, economy of movement, and economy of diathermy. The remaining challenge is to improve haptic perception. Although relatively few studies have been conducted of a significant enough number of trainees to support any particular simulator, most seem to suggest an improvement in fine motor skills and orientation in the operating room. Perhaps the greatest benefit is the possibility of limitless repetition, without a posing a corresponding threat to patients.

simulator; endoscopy

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