engleski

Prevalence of Blood Borne Diseases markers and residual Risk in Blood Donors at Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine

Aim: To present the prevalence and incidence of blood borne disease markers in the population of blood donors at Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine (CITM) during the 1995-2005 period and to calculate residual risk. Material and methods: The blood collected from blood donors at CITM during the 1995-2005 period was tested for markers of HBV, HCV, HIV1/2 and syphilis infection by tests for HBsAg, anti HCV, anti HIV 1.2(0) and anti TP, with the addition of HIV 1 p24 Ag and HCV core antigen tests in 2005. Confirmation immunoblot, Western blot and EIA tests from different manufacturers were used for confirmation of reactivity according to standard algorithms. The residual risk of donor blood transmitted infection within the window period was calculated by the method described by Schreiber et al. Results: CITM New donors n confirmed positive Prevalence/105 new donors Year n donors HBsAg anti HCV anti HIV1/2 anti TP HBsAg anti HCV anti HIV1/2 anti TP 1995 8650 62 33 1 4 717 381 12 46 1996 11528 66 31 0 1 572 269 0 8 1997 16034 77 33 1 2 480 206 6 12 1998 15091 71 39 0 2 470 258 0 13 1999 14088 55 20 1 1 390 142 7 7 2000 14241 50 29 0 1 351 204 0 7 2001 11312 33 19 0 2 292 168 0 17 2002 10347 27 5 0 0 261 48 0 0 2003 8561 25 4 1 2 292 47 12 23 2004 7258 16 3 0 0 220 41 0 0 2005 6151 13 1 0 3 211 16 0 49 Total 123261 495 217 4 18 CITM Multiple donors n confirmed positive Incidence/105 multiple donors Year n donors HBsAg anti HCV anti HIV1/2 anti TP HBsAg anti HCV anti HIV1/2 anti TP 1995 30910 15 16 0 21 49 52 0 68 1996 28497 16 16 0 5 56 56 0 18 1997 25835 19 10 1 4 74 39 4 15 1998 26985 12 6 1 6 44 22 4 22 1999 27128 10 12 1 2 37 44 4 7 2000 26761 6 8 0 4 22 30 0 15 2001 28451 4 4 0 4 14 14 0 14 2002 29155 1 4 0 7 3 14 0 24 2003 27874 3 5 1 6 11 18 4 22 2004 28201 4 0 2 6 14 0 7 21 2005 31559 3 1 2 3 10 3 6 10 Total 311356 93 82 8 68 CITM Residual risk/106 units Interval HBV HCV HIV 1995-2000 11.96 23.83 0.72 2000-2005 0.89 6.40 7.75 Conclusion: Over the last 11 years, significant decrease was recorded in theprevalence and incidence of HBV and HCV infection in blood donors, whereas the prevalence of HIVand syphilis infection remained unchanged. The residual risk calculated for the two periods (1995-2000 and 2000-2005) indicated a considerable reduction in the risk of HBV and HCV infection transmission by seronegative blood units, whereas the risk of HIV transmission showed a rising tendency, most probably attributable to the general increase in the HIV/AIDS epidemics. This points to the need of upgrading the sensitivity of methods for blood donor selection and their awareness of the routes of HIV transmission. CITM is the largest blood transfusion institution in Croatia that collects one half of all annual blood donations in the country, thus the prevalence and incidence as well as residual risk can be considered representative at the national level.

prevalence and residual risk of blood borne infections

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