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Liturgical and chant manuscripts from medieval Istria (11th-14th centuries)

The oldest liturgical and plainchant sources from the Istrian region date from the 11th century. Manuscripts from this region in present-day Croatia have been studied more intensively during the last two decades. They are kept in different archives in Croatia (Šibenik, Pazin, Pula, Rovinj, Trogir), Germany (Augsburg), and the United States (Los Angeles). Most of the manuscripts were already known before, but their place of origin and context of usage, i.e. the Istrian peninsula, has been detected only recently. In this contribution I will focus on the three oldest sources dating from the 11th and 14th centuries. In the 11th century, the region of Istria was under the church jurisdiction of the patriarchy of Aquileia. In the second half of the 11th century, the independent province Istria was part of the Frankish-German duchy1 with the bishopric seats in Novigrad, Poreč/Parenzo, Pićan, and Pula. The archbishopric seat for Istria was Aquileia, and from 1180 onwards Grado. Istria was a kind of „marginal” area of the patriarchy of Aquileia, and at the same time a meeting point of three different liturgical chant traditions: the Aquileian, the South German (Bavarian) and the local, Istrian one. Two sources from Istria in the 11th century are of special interest. The first of them is a Benedictionale of Engilmar of Poreč copied probably in Regensburg. The second one is a missal from Pula (1050-1070) written in Tegernsee and used in St Thomas‘ Basilica or in the Cathedral of Pula.

Istrian chant manuscripts, Engilmar benedictionale, Missale of Pula kept in Sibenik, Missal of Pula kept in Augsburg

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