engleski

EVALUATION OF FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN WHEAT GENOTYPES

Fusarium head blight (FHB), mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum, is one of the most serious diseases affecting cereal crops, with the potential contamination of grain by mycotoxins. The best approach to control FHB and to reduce mycotoxin contamination is to create wheat genotypes which are carrying effective resistance genes. Epidemic conditions (high humidity and moderate temperatures) can lead to severe outbreaks. Contamination of wheat with the mycotoxin DON at levels exceeding the permitted levels results in rejection of sale or severe price dockage in countries that have adopted DON regulation. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) compiled these guidelines and limits in various countries around the world. Croatia, as new member of EU, will need to adjust to the EU regulative.The macroconidia treatment was carried out at 50 winter wheat genotypes from different origins in two replications at the time of flowering. In inoculated treatment the lowest grain yield had genotype Golubica (39.24 dt ha-1) and the highest grain yield had Graindor (130.99 dt ha-1). The relative yield loss between the two treatments (control and inoculation) was the highest in genotype Golubica (>40%), which is already known as susceptible genotype. The smallest relative ear weight loss had more resistant genotypes and more late ripening genotypes, which are usually too late in regards to growing conditions in Croatia. However, these late ones could escape dissease pressure. The highest 1000 kernel weight in inoculated treatment had genotype Renan (48.35 g). Most of the genotypes had higher 1000 kernel weight in inoculated treatment. The lowest percentage of Fusarium damaged kernels had genotypes Renan, Ludwig, MV Palotas, Sirban Prolifik and Vulkan. Further examinations of 25 selected genotypes should check differences in mycotoxin accumulation and quality traits in the grains among genotypes. This work has been supported in part by Croatian Science Foundation.

Fusarium; agronomic traits

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