engleski

Impact of leisure time physical activity in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: the Croatian pilot study

We studied the association between leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and glycemic control, BMI, and hypoglycemic incidents in type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients. This is a cross-sectional study of 55 type 1 and 126 type 2 diabetic patients (median (interquartile range) 37 (26-44) vs. 62 (54-69) respectively) who were randomly surveyed in three different Croatian counties. LTPA was assessed by a validated 12-month questionnaire. Patients were grouped as sedentary (type 1 63.6%, type 2 80.2%) and moderately to vigorously active (at least 3 times a week ≥ 60 min of medium-to-vigorous PA) (type 1 36.4%, type 2 19.8%). Outcome measures were HbA1c, BMI and hypoglycemic incidents. LTPA correlated with HbA1c in type 1 patients (OR 1.87, 95%CI, p=0.048), but not in type 2 patients (OR 1.18, 95%CI, p=0.908). Sedentary type 1 diabetics had higher HbA1c than moderately to vigorously active patients (median (interquartile range) 7.3% (6.7-8.6) vs. 7% (6.2-7.5) (P<0.05). In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes level of LTPA was not associated with increased number of hypoglycemic episodes, on the contrary, hypoglycemic events were more frequent in sedentary patients than active patients (61.2% vs. 38.8% in type 1 ; 86.7% vs. 18.3% P < 0.05 for sedentary vs. active). There was no difference in BMI dependent on the LTPA in all diabetic patients. Estimated level of LTPA in the last 10 years has decreased in 51.6% type 2 vs. 37% type 1 and increased in 20.6% type 2 vs. 50% type 1 diabetics. In patients with a decrease in LTPA a reduction of HbA1c was smaller -1.73% (±3.58) vs. -4.02% (±2.8) in patients with significant increase in LTPA, although difference was only numerical (p=0.142). Low levels of LTPA were associated with poor glycemic control in type 1 diabetic patients, whereas level of LTPA was not associated with an increase in hypoglycemic episodes. This could be explained with better education of type 1 patients resulting in adequate adjustment of therapy and carbohydrate intake. BMI was not affected by LTPA. Longitudinal studies are needed to further clarify the effects of LTPA on type 1 diabetes.

leisure time physical activity ; diabetes type 1 and type 2 ; glycemic control

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