engleski

External Transport Costs as Element of Planning Policy

Transport sector is one of the key factors of the economic and social development, both from the aspect of revenues in GDP, as well as from the aspect of the basic needs of living in a modern society - the need for mobility. Transport affects directly the expansion of industrial market, consequently implying the economic growth, improvement of the living standard, competition among regions and local communities and physical expansion and infrastructure integration. However, the physical interaction does not necessarily reflect also the optimal transport situation. Transport planning based on satisfying a chaotic uncontrolled growth of transport demand, and not based on a targeted inducing of the "desired" demand, can in the long run bring to significant disturbances, especially regarding the presence of transport modes in the traffic structure i.e. unbalanced development of transport branches. Negative dimension of the previously applied "policy avoiding resistance" and favouring investments into the road transport infrastructure tends to be actually represented by external costs of transport, i.e. costs of accident, environmental pollution and congestion, that have not been internalised in transport sector. Considering this from an economic aspect and by classifying the transport-caused costs in different sectors, the volume of external transport costs may be estimated, which reaches almost the level of the transport sector revenue. Transport policy greatly determines to which extent the influence of transport is going to be positive, that is, negative. Coherent transport policy can contribute to reduction of the budget expenses for the transport sector by providing the conditions for efficient management of infrastructure or the instruments for internalisation and reduction of transport external costs.

Transport External Costs; Transport Policy; Environmental Costs; Accident Costs; Congestion Costs; Pricing of Infrastructure Usage

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