engleski

The Divergent Intracellular Lifestyle of Francisella tularensis in Evolutionarily Distinct Host Cells

Francisella tularensis is a gram-negative, facultative, intracellular bacterium that survives in mammals, arthropods, and amoebae ; however, macrophages are considered the key cells in pathogenesis of tularemia in mammals. Understanding intracellular trafficking of F. tularensis within various host cells is indispensable to our understanding of bacterial ecology, intracellular adaptation to various hosts’ microenvironments, and subversion of host cell defenses. Within mammalian and arthropod-derived cells, F. tularensis transiently resides within an acidic vacuole prior to escaping to the cytosol, where the bacteria replicate. In contrast, F. tularensis resides and replicates within non-acidified, membrane-bound vacuoles within the trophozoites of amoebae. The Francisella pathogenicity island (FPI) genes encode a type VI Secretion System (T6SS), which is indispensable for phagosomal escape of F. tularensis within mammalian and arthropod cells and for intravacuolar growth within amoeba. In this review, we discuss the divergent F. tularensis intracellular lifestyle in different hosts and its role in pathogenic evolution and intracellular proliferation within diverse hosts.

Francisella tularensis ; T6SS ; Macrophages ; Amoebas ; Arthropoda

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