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Gut microbiota and dietary polyphenols – love and hate?

The human body is home to a large number of distinct microbial communities, with the thickest population in the gut – representing the gut microbiota. Microbiota influences and modulates extraction of energy from dietary components, facilitates extraction of phosphorylated nucleotides (chemical energy) from indigested dietary substances, stored in host adipose tissue for later use. Different mechanisms to explain the metabolic shift towards energy storage have been suggested: (1) gut microbiota can increase the capacity to harvest energy from the food and (2) gut microbiota can modulate plasma lipopolysaccharides levels which activate the inflammatory tone and the onset of obesity, type-2 diabetes, and other chronic inflammatory diseases. Moreover, gut microbiota has additional activity on digesting and utilizing many biological polyphenols. The research on this is just about to give new interesting results. Would this be considered as a good or bad relationship, it is up to new findings to show. References: 1.Laparra JM. Interactions of gut microbiota with functional food components and nutraceuticals. Pharmacol Res 2010 ; 61: 219-225 2.Parish J, Peric M, Cipcic Paljetak H, Matijasic M, Verbanac D. Translating the Mediterranean diet: from chemistry to kitchen. Periodicum Biologorum 2011 ; 13:303-310. 3.Del Rio D, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Spencer JPE, Tognolini M, Borges G, Crozier A. Dietary (Poly)phenolics in Human Health: Structures, Bioavailability, and Evidence of Protective Effects Against Chronic Diseases. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling. 2013 ; 18(14):1818-1892. 4. Dueñas M, Muñoz-González I, Cueva C, et al., “A Survey of Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Dietary Polyphenols, ” BioMed Research International, 2015 ; vol. 2015, Article ID 850902, .

microbiota; polyphenols; nutrition; biochemistry; pharmacokinetics; translational research

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