hrvatski

Civitas Aenona, primjer romanizacije liburnske općine

Centar današnjega Grada Nina, smješten na otočiću, nastao je na temeljima nekadašnjeg liburnskoga naselja i rimskoga municipalnog centra Aenonae, koji bilježe antički literarni izvori i epigrafički spomenici. Iako Nin spada među bolje istražene dalmatinske gradove, spoznaje o razvoju tog prostora tijekom posljednje faze liburnske kulture i perioda rimske dominacije danas su još uvijek poprilično oskudno valorizirane u znanstvenoj literaturi. Geografski okvir istraživanja odnosi se na dio priobalja i kopna Sjeverne Dalmacije na sjevernom i zapadnom dijelu današnjih Ravnih Kotara koji pripada prostoru današnje Zadarske županije. Središnja tema istraživanja je nastanak i razvoj municipija Aenonae, kao primjer romanizacije jedne od važnijih autohtonih općina na tlu nekadašnje Liburnije. U radu se pokušalo utvrditi stanje u periodu neposredno prije rimskih osvajanja, zatim su razmotreni dokazi koji svjedoče o pojavi novih misli, ideja i tehnologija početkom rimske vladavine već od konca 2. st. pr. Kr., kao i mješavini autohtone kulture s novopridošlom, rimskom kulturom. Koncept romanizacije pokušao se sagledati u najširem kontekstu političkog i kulturnog procesa širenja Rimske države i kulture na prostor naseljen nerimskom populacijom, koji je rezultirao sintezom autohtone i rimske kulture na prostoru enonske zajednice. Posljedice dugotrajnog utjecaja romanizacije vidljive su ponajprije u izgledu samog središta zajednice koje prati ubrzana urbanistička preobrazba, a paralelno s tim, promjene se mogu pratiti i u sferi kulture, odnosno jezika i običaja, religije i kulta, pravnog i društvenog ustroja te zemljišnih i gospodarskih odnosa na prostoru zajednice. Za temu istraživanja primjer Enone čini solidan supstrat, jer se na njezinu prostoru sačuvalo više autohtonih elemenata čiji se tragovi u pojedinim strukturama prate sve do početka 3. st. po Kr. Njihova brojnost i pojavnost u gotovo svim segmentima života zajednice i njezinih stanovnika ukazuju na prilagodbu i suživot dviju kultura tijekom prvih stoljeća rimske dominacije u Liburniji. Provedenom analizom dobiveni su podatci o vremenu, političkim i društvenim prilikama uslijed kojih se javlja romanizacija, o nositeljima procesa te raznim promjenama i njihovim manifestacijama u ukupnom životu gradskog središta, ruralnom krajoliku u okolici grada, kao i u životima njihovih stanovnika. Na primjeru Enone donio se zaokruženi prikaz prerastanja tipične autohtone zajednice u grad antičkog doba, a time i novi doprinos proučavanju kulturnih promjena u razvoju autohtonih središta na području nekadašnje Liburnije, kao bitnog dijela rimske provincije Ilirik/Dalmacije. The centre of the present-day town of Nin is located on a small island. It has developed on the foundations of a former Liburnian settlement and Aenona, a Roman municipal centre. The process was recorded in ancient literary sources and epigraphic monuments. Nin has been a focus of archaeological projects for a long time. As such, it is one of the best researched archaeological sites in Dalmatia. Nevertheless, the development of the area during the final stages of Liburnian culture and processes, leading to Roman domination, are still insufficiently explained and valorized in scientific literature. The geographical area covered includes parts of the northern Dalmatian coastline and mainland, namely the northern and western area of modern Ravni Kotari, Zadar county. The main research topic is the foundation and development of the Aenona municipality. Aenona is taken as an illustrative example of the Romanisation process of a major indigenous community in the former Liburnia area. The thesis reflects on several critical issues which were instrumental in the development of the Aenona municipality: processes and developments immediately prior to the Roman conquest, evidence that support the emergence of new concepts, ideas and technologies with the onset of Roman authority as early as 2nd century B.C., and finally the mixture of indigenous culture with the newly arrived Roman culture. Romanisation was conceptualized as a broad cultural and political process, set in the context of the expansion of Roman authority and culture in the areas inhabited by a non-Roman population. The end result of these complex developments and processes is a form of synthesis between indigenous and Roman cultures. The consequences of a long-term exposure to Romanisation are rendered visible primarily in the appearance of the community centre itself, followed by an accelerated urban transformation. All other areas of life were just as affected and transformed by Romanisation, process such as culture, namely language, customs, religion and cult ; the legal and social system ; the ownership of land and economic relations. The example of Aenona appears to be a solid foundation for the proposed research topic on account that numerous indigenous cultural elements were preserved in the area and can be traced to as late as 3rd century AD. The numbers of these elements, as well as their appearance in practically every segment of community and its inhabitants point to the adaptation and co-existence of two cultures during the initial period of Roman domination in Dalmatia. Various research discussions and data analysis brought new insights into chronology, the political and social circumstances in which Romanisation took place, the bearers of the cultural processes, various transformations and their manifestations in the overall life of an urban centre, the rural landscape surrounding the town, and generally in the lives of the inhabitants. The study of municipium Aenona constitutes a comprehensive account of the transformation of a typical indigenous community into a Roman-era town, and this thesis a novel contribution to the study of cultural changes in the development of indigenous centers in the former Liburnia area, a vital part of Illyricum/Dalmatia province.

Civitas Aenona; romanizacija; urbanizacija; municipalizacija; religija; stanovništvo; gradski teritorij

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