engleski

Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus among women in Croatia according to medical birth certificate

Introduction. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects up to 15% of pregnant women worldwide and is becoming an important obstetrical issue. GDM prevalence in Europe is lower and is most often reported in 2-6% of pregnancies. Although awareness regarding gestational diabetes mellitus in Croatia is continuously rising, reporting and accurate epidemiological data are still missing. A lot of factors seem to contribute to the development of GDM, the two main ones being maternal age and obesity. Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of GDM according to medical birth certificate (MBC) among women in Croatia as well as the prevalence of main risk factors associated with GDM development. Methods. Data regarding age, weight and height before pregnancy, weight at the end of pregnancy and pathological conditions during pregnancy from all 415.666 MBC between 2005 and 2014 were analysed. For comparison between women with and without GDM t-test was used. Data were analysed using STATISTICA ver.12.0. Results. The number of women with GDM increased from 391 in 2005 to 1.869 in 2014 revealing an increase in prevalence of GDM from 0.93% in 2005 to 4.67% in 2014. In 2014 there were statistically significant differences between women with and without GDM (all p’s < 0.001) concerning age, level of obesity (body mass index?) before pregnancy and weight gain during pregnancy. Women with GDM were older (31.34±5.19 years vs. 29.49±5.33 years), more obese before pregnancy (26.03±5.64 kg/m2 vs. 23.37±4.11 kg/m2) but gained less weight during pregnancy absolutely (12.49±5.81 kg vs. 14.17±5.71 kg) and relatively to their weight before pregnancy (18.37±9.56%) vs. 22.31±9.65%. Conclusion. GDM in Croatia has become more often reported on MBC during the past decades. The prevalence based on MBC in 2014 is in concordance to data from other European countries suggesting that MBC currently might be one of best sources for estimating GDM prevalence among women in Croatia. Women with GDM are older and more obese before pregnancy, but gain less weight during pregnancy.

gestational diabetes; prevalence

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