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Croatian Law on Regulation of Local Citizenship (1880) - Context and Change

In the second half of nineteenth and in the beginning of twentieth century the question of citizenship was one of the most important questions of Croatian legal system and politics. For part of Croatian political elite the problem was subordinated position of Croatia-Slavonia within the Monarchy and the fact that there was the same national citizenship for all the lands of Hungarian Crown. Because of this they advocated thesis about local citizenship as an instrument of nation-building and an instrument for defining borders towards strangers. In this sense, they saw enactment of law about local citizenship as a starting point of building of Croatian autonomy. The job was done during the government of Ivan Mažuranić when the Sabor accepted in 1877 and the king sanctioned in 1880 the Law on regulation of local citizenship. This law was made according to the Austrian law on local citizenship from 1863, but it also contained some influences from Hungarian law. Basic principle of acquisition of local citizenship was ius sanguinis and because of that citizenship was closed concept. After some time it was evident that the concept of local citizenship, as defined in the law, did not correspond to new circumstances of intensified migration in cities and that because of it closed character many immigrants did not acquire new local citizenship. Although complete reform of system of local citizenship was necessary, no such was made. The authorities conducted only minor reform in 1915 and this reform did not significantly change closed character of local citizenship.

local citizenship ; unification ; Croatia-Slavonia ; Austro-Hungarian Monarchy

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