engleski

Monitoring of antibiotics in surface water in Croatia

Antibiotics are widely used in human and veterinary medicines for disease treatment. They are often partially metabolized after administration and a significant portion of the antibiotics can be excreted as a parent compound or in conjugated forms and converted back to the parent antibiotic in environment. The antibiotic residuals from humans and animals can enter the environment via various pathways, including wastewater effluent discharge, runoff from land to which agricultural or human waste has been applied or from industry, and they can find their way to rivers and lakes. There are growing concerns about the fate of antibiotics in the environment and their possible effects on the aquatic ecosystem. It is important to know the amounts of antibiotics released in the aquatic environment in order to be able to properly evaluate the risks, the effects and potential impact of these products on humans. The aim of this study was to estimate and analyze the most used antibiotics in Croatia. The study lasted for a two year period (2013-2014). Sulfonamides, macrolide antibiotics, chloramphenicol and fumagilin were monitored along the rivers in Croatia in 19 sampling sites, in the Danube catchment area. Water samples were prepared by solid phase extraction on hydrophilic lipophilic balanced cartridges by the heated electrospray liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method. The results showed that these compounds can be present in surface waters as metabolites or parent compounds in a range 0.02 µg/L - 5.3 µg/L.

Antibiotics ; surface water ; antibiotics

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