engleski

Genotoxicity assessment of alpha cypermethrin and imidacloprid on human lymphocytes and HepG2 cells using cytokinesis block micronucleus cytome assay

With a growing global human population it is difficult to imagine farming without the use of pesticides. Since pesticides are toxic substances, their use requires strict control. Although widely applied in the farming, the genotoxicity profile of some pesticides is not well characterised. Therefore, this study was carried out to analyse genotoxic effects of alpha cypermethrin (pyrethroid insecticide) and imidacloprid (neonicotinoid insecticide) on human peripheral lymphocytes and HepG2 cells in vitro using micronucleus cytome assay. Cell cultures were exposed for 4 hours to pesticides in concentrations based on residential exposure levels (REL: 0.003643 ug/ml for alpha cypermethrin, and 0.314 ug/ml for imidacloprid) and occupational exposure limits (OEL: 0.262 ug/ml for alpha cypermethrin, and 0.13 ug/ml for imidacloprid). Results obtained on lymphocytes did not significantly differ from the control values. However, in the HepG2 cells a significant increase in the frequency of MN with OEL concentration was observed, while the frequency of nuclear buds significantly increased at both the concentrations applied. REL concentration caused a rise in the incidence of nucleoplasmic bridges. Imidacloprid significantly increased the frequency of MN and nucleoplasmic bridges in HepG2 cells treated with REL concentration. These findings indicate that metabolic activation of the tested compounds significantly contributed to their genotoxicity. Using both cell models we observed impaired cell proliferation following 4 hours treatment with alpha cypermethrin and imidacloprid, with lowering of CPBI values as compared to controls. The findings of this introductory study suggest a genotoxic potential of both pesticides which should be further clarified in order to minimise risks for consumers of agricultural products that may contain the residues of these compounds. This work was financially supported by the Project No. 8366 Organic Pollutants in Environment - Markers and Biomarkers of Toxicity (OPENTOX), funded by the Croatian Science Foundation.

Genotoxicity; alpha cypermethrin; imidacloprid; human lymphocytes; hepG2 cells; micronucleus cytome assay

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