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Population analyses (cox1 gene) and bile PAH metabolites content in several commercial fishes along Adriatic coast

Bile PAH metabolite content in selected commercial species Mugil cephalus, Sarpa salpa and Mullus barbatus purchased from local fish markets: Ploće (F2-Pl), Split (F4-St), Šibenik (F5-Ši), Rijeka (F8-Ri) and Rovinj (F9-Ro) were analyzed as a biomarker of exposure to oil and possible indicator of marine environment quality. Local fish markets were used because chosen species were not possible to catch at selected sites during SW and mussel sampling in the frame of our national biomonitoring pilot project “Project Adriatic II”, Desctiptor 8 and 9: Biological effects. Fishes are selected according food web positions: Mugil (water column, omnivore), Sarpa (water column, herbivore) and Mullus (benthic, detritofag). PAH metabolites were analyzed in bile by means of fixed wavelength fluorescence (FF) measurement using fluorimeter excitation/emission wavelength pairs 290/335, 341/383, and 380/430 nm. By FF290/335, mainly naphthalene type of metabolites, typically associated with petroleum products are detected, benzo[a]pyrene type of metabolites are best detected by FF380/430 and by FF341/383 mainly pyrene- derived metabolites. The population analysis of cox1 gene was applied as tool for fish specimens’ identification (barcoding) and determination of abundance of possible haplotypes. The Red Mullet (Mullus barbatus) and Salema (Sarpa salpa) were proved as single species with few haplotype at whole investigated area, but fishes purchased as Mugill cephalus were identified by sequencing and DNA analyses (blastn, NCBI) as 4 species (Liza aurata, L. ramado, Cheon labrosus and Mugil cephalus). The morphometric characteristics of family Mugilldae species settled in Mediterranean (8) are minimal and only 6 of them inhabited the Adriatic Sea.

Barcoding; Commercial fishes; PAH metabolites; Pollution; Adriatic coast

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