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Transformation of the "Iron Curtain" in Europe - a Proposal of a Concept for Evaluation of the Natural and Cultural Heritage of UNESCO list

The subject of research is the area of the former "Iron Curtain" in Europe with special overview of Croatia. This area, created after World War II, was representing a dividing line between two different political, military, economic and social systems until 1990. Many years of existence of the "Iron Curtain" left significant consequences on areas (less developed areas) and thus the people. The question therefore is how to plan the development of this neglected area? These areas are now more commonly known as the "European Green Belt”, which was initiated by IUCN and represents the longest natural system in Europe. It connects national parks, parks of nature and other transboundary natural areas, both protected and unprotected, to encourage regional development (especially tourism and transport). In Croatia such area was proclaimed since 2011 as the Regional Park Mura - Drava. Although the observed area is dominated by natural regarding ecological dimension, often ignored its multidimensional tangible (archaeological, architectural, historical, militaristic, etc.) and intangible cultural heritage during evaluating process (gastronomy, crafts, knowledge, memory, genius loci, etc.) Given that these areas are of international and multi-layer (natural and cultural) value, the aim of the research is to discuss the concept of evaluation for inclusion to the UNESCO list of natural and cultural heritage, with special reference to plans for tourism development in Croatia. Despite the fact that many documents on world, European and national levels are related to the zone of "Iron Curtain", in Croatia it is still a less developed area. In this sense, the focus of the valorization concept will be on a comprehensive consideration of culture, nature and history, since the development could be planned, particularly development of tourism, which will contribute to the improvement of the quality of life.

iron curtain; natural and cultural heritage; tourism; UNESCO; Croatia

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