engleski

Interferences of Metal-based Nanoparticles with In Vitro Viability Assays

Accurate in vitro assessment of nanoparticle cytotoxicity requires a careful selection of the test systems. Commercially available in vitro assays are frequently used to compare the toxicity of different particle types and to generate dose-response data. Due to the unique physicochemical properties of nanoparticles and their unknown reactivity, the possibility of nanoparticles altering the optical properties of fluorometric/colorimetric probes that are used to measure their cyto- and genotoxicity may lead to inaccurate readings. In order to draw valid conclusions from the evaluation of the cellular influences of nanoparticles, we performed comprehensive evaluation on the extent of metal-based nanoparticles interferences with three types of common in vitro viability bioassays: 3-(4, 5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5- (3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H- tetrazolium (MTS) and 2-(2-methoxy-4- nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2, 4- disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium sodium salt (CCK- 8) in an acellular system. We have selected 3 types of maghemite γ-Fe203 nanoparticles (uncoated, coated with poly(L-lysine) and coated with D-mannose) and 3 types of silver nanoparticles (coated with poly(L-lysine), citrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone) which differ in the metal core and coating agent applied for surface modifications. All NPs tested were found to interfere with in vitro viability assays in a highly concentration-, particle- and assay-specific manner. These findings strongly suggest that each in vitro test system has to be evaluated for each single nanoparticle type to accurately assess the nanoparticle toxicity. Acknowledgments: This study was supported by EU FP7 grant Glowbrain (REGPOT-2012-CT2012- 316120).

metal-based nanoparticles; in vitro tests; viability assays; interferences

nije evidentirano