engleski

JUDO IN CROATIA BEFORE 1951.

Introduction: It is well known fact that Jigoro Kano founded the Kodokan school in 1882. in intention to teach a new form of jutsu, which he called modern Judo. Judo already existed before as an ancient form of jiu jitsu-e, but Kano modernized it and implemented the most effective elements of many other jiu jitsu styles (schools). At the beginning of the 20th century Judo began to expand and develop in Europe with the primary goal of training the army and police forces. In those times, training was based mainly on learning the elements of self-defence. At that time, in Japan tendency of unification and classification techniques and exercise (Buttokukai) has emerged, and judo as one style of jutsu, transformed into an independent and recognized martial art. This trend has been followed by numerous judo schools and their masters in Europe (Kawaishi, Tani, Koizumi). The official start of judo exercise in Croatia is considered to be the foundation of the first judo club (Jiu-do club "Zagreb") in 1951. But numerous evidences indicate that in this area Judo existed as a form of exercise and training at the beginning of the 20th century. This evidences put Croatia side by side with the European countries in which judo came on early 20th century. Discussion: First mention of ju jutsu in Croatia (often called „Džiu-džicu“ or „ Điu-đicu“), was in 1905. when the first book „Džiu-džicu, Japanski način samoobrane“ ( Jiu-Jitsu, Japanesemethodof self-defence ) was printed in Đakovo. "The importance of Điu-đicu consistsmainly the fact that the opponent should be grabbed on particularly sensitive areas of the body and that he consequently feels particular pain which still increases if he tries to rid...“ Barun Aumura, „Džiu-džicu“ Đakovo, 1905. Transcript from the book “Sportska publicistika u Hrvatskoj“. In “Maritime School Rijeka” Monograph, asa commenton the one photo from 1905. year, stands an explanation that "Naval Academy Cadets are practicing martial arts" and In June edition from 1911. of ”Novi List” ( newspaper published in Rijeka, Croatia), on his travel trough Rijeka, professor’s Kasulukow "jujitsu" skills, and his presentation for "large audience and city law enforcement officers" were mentioned. There also were some similar courses in other cities, and a mention of one was found, for members of the"Sokol" association and law enforcement officers which were held in Split in 1914. by Andrey Shumakov, who has been learning and practicing Jujutsu in Vienna. The first organized exercise of JuJutsu skills was mentioned in 1920. in Zagreb in the Athletic Club"Hašk", school run by RalphI Hoke. There are numerous records about his training and school, with detailed description of the demonstration performances, and other events. Transcript from the daily press talks about the presentation of policemen, and later mr. Hoke's students, which shows that exercising in the police was well organized. "Recently, here in Yugoslavia, the first step forward has been made in that matter, when the Royal Police directorate in Zagreb officially introduced Jiu-Jitsu ...." („Điuđicu“, Ralf I. Hoke, page 8) „Yesterday in 5 P.M. in the afternoon, on the “Hašk” playing field , with great general public interest, public presentation of police Jiu-Jitsu school was held, which has shown excellent results, after only two months training with head teacher Hoke, athletic trainer of “Hašk”..” („Điuđicu“, Ralf I. Hoke page 69) Oto Baugarten (1913.-1945.) comes in Zagreb in 1939.where he also begins with teaching JuJutsu skills and leading the school until 1942. He studied in Vienna where he was teaching JUJUTSU and training the Vienna police. Since 1945 in Zagreb, a boxer Alfredo Barković and wrestler Branko Sviben, have started the first trainings. In 1947.they met an American soldier who taught them the first steps of Ju Jutsu. In that time started organized exercising for police at Nova Ves. (Interview: Branko Sviben and Andrew Habulin). Conclusion: Guided by the historical facts and comparison between the modality and the reasons of the official start of the judo exercise in Croatia, it is obvious that the elementary patterns of exercise are exactly the same. The link between this patterns and previous teachings is exercising self-defence for various structures of society in Europe. Exercise and the existence of judo in Croatia are almost identical as the development time and quality in other European countries. If there is a fact and the argument that other European countries verified the process of transition from jutsu to judo, this process of transition in our region should have the same value. Further collection of historical and scientific facts, which is focused on historical materials and events, and finding links between them, can reinforce this research. References 1. Bradić Slaviša, „JUDO SAMOOBRANA-PRIRUČNIK ZA TRENERE“ Zagreb (2012) 2. Bradić Slaviša, „Judo tehnike za djecu- priručnik za trenere“ Zagreb (2013) 3. Ralf I.Hoke, „Điu Đicu“ Zagreb, 1920 Mala sportska biblioteka 4. Judo zveza Slovenije 2012, Maribor „60 let juda v Sloveniji- Judo včer-judo danas“ 5. Zagrebački judo savez, 2001. „Judo u Zagrebu-pola stoljeća“ 6. Richard Bowen, „100 Years of Judo in Great Britan 1.i 2“ IndePenPress, (2011)

Judo history; Judo clubs in Croatia

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