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Assesment of the Quality of Contaminated Soils and Sites in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) and New Independent States (NIC)

Data on the damages of land in Croatia are regretfully neither complete, organized, nor collected in the manner that would enable the establishment of a solid database on the damages of land. The data on the level of damage of the land have been collected sporadically, on the occasion of researches carried out for various purposes: within the framework of pedocartographic research, research for the requirements of the melioration of land agroecological requirements, etc., never as a social obligation, always on the basis of a goodwill of land scientists. Degradation of land in the intensive plough field plant production is the most dispersed, and has caused the largest total damage. Intensive plant production, particularly narrowed crop rotation, usage of agrochemicals and heavy machines, is one of important causes of the damaging of land. Erosion of the land is certainly one of the most dangerous processes of contamination of land in Croatia. According to investigation more of 60% soils in Croatia is degree of affection with different type of erosion. Further, the industrial production is that which causes aeropollution and acid rains by its emissions into environment, then city dumps, application of fossil fuels in urbane areas and transportation. In the past period, competition between agriculture and other pretends to non-agricultural land mostly ended up to the disadvantage of agriculture. It the fact is taken into account that is practically always refers to the most valuable agricultural land, the problem becomes even more important. In the period between 1965 and 1987, Croatia lost 166 441 ha of agricultural land, or as much as 7235 ha per annum, and/or nearly 20 ha daily through the change of the purpose of utilisation of the land. Protection of land represents a complex of measures that must find its starting support in the recognition of the importance of land as a limited resource that cannot be retrieved during the life of one generation. This fact binds the actual users to treat the land in the most rational manner. The Republic of Croatia has passed the Law on agricultural land in which protection of this resource holds an important position. In that Law classification of soil damages is divided in four levels: degree of damage ; kind of damage, processes of damage and consequence of damage. Degree of damage is divided in four sublevel: reversible (simply renewable – soil degradation processes in intensive agriculture) ; conditionally reversible (hard to renew – soil pollution), non reversible (non-renewable – soil removal and overlapping) and irreparable (durable loss of soil – permanent change of land use). In protection of land, the starting point in Croatia is organized studying of the process of damage, i.e. invetarisation of the situation. It is followed by the establishment of the station system for permanent monitoring of land, and than the Land information system should be establishment, the appropriate Land protection service should be set up, as well as the Legislative basis for its effective operations.

degradation and protection of soil; agriculture; Croatia

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