hrvatski

Geokemijski atlas Siska

HRVATSKI: Urbana geokemijska istraživanja provode se u sve većem broju gradova u svijetu. Hrvatski geološki institut je u suradnji s gradom Siskom, a u sklopu pan-europskog projekta Geokemijske ekspertne grupe EuroGeoSurveys-a „Urban Geochemistry in Europa (URGE) – Soil, children, health“ proveo geokemijska istraživanja tla u urbanom dijelu Siska i u njegovoj ruralnoj okolici. Terenska istraživanja obavljena su 2010. godine, laboratorijska ispitivanja 2011. godine, a obrada podataka i prezentiranje rezultata te pisanje ovog atlasa tijekom 2013. i 2014. godine. Geokemijski atlas Siska napisan je na hrvatskom i engleskom jeziku. U njemu je opisan povijesni razvoj grada od keltske Segestice u IV. stoljeću prije Krista, rimske Siscie u I. stoljeću prije Krista, stagnacije grada u srednjem vijeku i velikog industrijskog razvoja u XX. stoljeću. Grad Sisak se razvio na aluvijalnim poplavnim ravnicama rijeka Kupe, Odre i Save. Geološke naslage u istraživanom području su kvartarne starosti i obuhvaćaju, osim aluvijalnih sedimenata, i naslage prapora u velikom meandru rijeke Kupe. U ruralnom dijelu istraživanog područja prevladavaju hidromorfna tla, a u urbanom dijelu tehnogena (urbana) tla. Tlo je uzorkovano u pravilnoj kvadratnoj mreži s gustoćom uzorkovanja 4 uzorka/km2 u gradu i 1 uzorak/km2 u ruralnoj okolici. Uziman je kompozitni uzorak na dubini od 0 do 10 cm. Sveukupno su uzeta 144 uzorka na 65, 18 km2 istraživane površine. Uzorci tla su osušeni na sobnoj temperaturi, usitnjeni, homogenizirani i prosijani na < 2 mm. Zatim su otopljeni u zlatotopki te analizirani s inducirano spregnutom plazmom – masenom spektrometrijom (ICP MS). Kontrola kvalitete uzorkovanja provedena je uzimanjem 7 terenskih duplikata. Kontrolom kvalitete laboratorijskih ispitivanja određena je preciznost umetanjem 18 ponovljenih laboratorijskih uzoraka i točnost umetanjem 27 uzoraka četiri vrste standarda. Kvaliteta uzorkovanja i laboratorijskih analiza po svim kriterijima je dobra. Rezultati istraživanja su pohranjeni u GIS bazu podataka iz koje su nakon statističke obrade, generirane geokemijske karte prostorne raspodjele 44 elemenata. Sadržaj većine elemenata povećan je u industrijskoj zoni iz koje su oni dispergirani vjetrom na okolna naselja i poljoprivredna zemljišta. U starom Sisku elementi se akumuliraju od antičkog vremena te su povećani sadržaji Ag, Au, Cu, Hg, P, Pb, Sb, Sn i Zn. Uz prometnice su najčešće povišene koncentracije Cu, Mo, Pb, U, Y, Ti i Zn. U siliciklastičnim naslagama aluvija rijeka Kupe i Odre dijelom su povećani sadržaji Be, Ce, Co, Cs, Fe, Ga, La, Li, Mo, Nb, Ni, Rb, Sc, Th, Tl, V i Zn. U karbonatnim naslagama aluvija rijeke Save povećani su sadržaji Ca, Mg, S i Sr. Prostorna raspodjela kemijskih elementa ovisila je prvenstveno o geogenim i antropogenim utjecajima na određenom području. ENGLESKI: Urban geochemical investigations are being performed in increasing number of world cities. Croatian Geological Survey in cooperation with the city of Sisak, and as a part of Pan-European project in Europe “URGE – Soil, children, health“, carried out the geochemical research work of soils in the urban environment of the Sisak city and its rural surroundings. The field work was completed in the year 2010, laboratory investigations in 2011, while data processing and data representation including publication of this Atlas was finished from 2012 to 2014. Geochemical Atlas of Sisak was presented both in Croatian and English. It comprises the historical development of the city since the Celtic Segestica in the 4th century BC, through the Roman Siscia in the 1st century AD, down to its stagnation in the middle Ages and huge industrial development in the 20th century. The city of Sisak has grown up on the alluvial floodplains of the Kupa, Odra and Sava Rivers. Geological deposits in the investigated area belong to Quaternary comprising, beside the alluvial sediments, also the loess deposits in the Great Meander of the Kupa River. In the rural part of this area hydromorphic soils prevail while in the urban part technogenic (urban) soils are dominant. The soils were sampled in the regular square grid following the sampling density of 4 samples per km2 in the city itself and 1 sample per km2 in the rural surroundings. The sample was collected as a composite from the depth between 0 and 10 cm. There are a total of 144 samples collected from 65.18 km2 of the investigated area. The samples were dried at the room temperature, powdered and sieved to the <2mm. Afterwards, they were digested in the aqua regia and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma emission mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The quality control of the sampling was carried out by the reruns of the 7 field duplicates. The quality control of the laboratory investigations was needed to determine the precision by using 18 reruns of the laboratory samples while precision by inserting 27 samples of the four types of standards. The quality of sampling and laboratory analyses was high according to all criteria. The results of investigations had been stored in the GIS database from which, after the statistical processing, were generated the geochemical maps of the spatial distribution of 44 elements. The content of the most elements was increased in the industrial zone from which the latter were dispersed by wind toward the nearby settlements and rural ground. In the Old Sisak the elements have been accumulating since the ancient times, which is why the contents of Ag, Au, Cu, Hg, P, Pb, Sb, Sn and Zn were increased. Most often the concentrations of Cu, Mo, Pb, U, Y, Ti and Zn were elevated along the traffic lines. Siliciclastic deposits of the Kupa and Odra River partly showed the increased contents of Be, Ce, Co, Cs, Fe, Ga, La, Li, Mo, Nb, Ni, Rb, Sc, Th, Tl, V and Zn. On the contrary, in the carbonate deposits comprising the alluvium of the Sava River the contents of Ca, Mg, S and Sr were increased. The spatial distribution of chemical elements was primarily dependent on geogenic and anthropogenic impact having affected certain area.

geokemijsko kartiranje ; urbano tlo ; geokemijski atlas ; Sisak

Knjigu su izdala tri nakladnika. Narodnja knjižnica i čitaonica Vlado Gotovac Sisak - ISBN: 978-953-6468-16-4 ; Gradski muzej Sisak - ISBN 978-953-6439-59-1 i Hrvatski geološki institut - ISBN 978-953-6907-43-4

engleski

Geochemical Atlas of Sisak

HRVATSKI: Urbana geokemijska istraživanja provode se u sve većem broju gradova u svijetu. Hrvatski geološki institut je u suradnji s gradom Siskom, a u sklopu pan-europskog projekta Geokemijske ekspertne grupe EuroGeoSurveys-a „Urban Geochemistry in Europa (URGE) – Soil, children, health“ proveo geokemijska istraživanja tla u urbanom dijelu Siska i u njegovoj ruralnoj okolici. Terenska istraživanja obavljena su 2010. godine, laboratorijska ispitivanja 2011. godine, a obrada podataka i prezentiranje rezultata te pisanje ovog atlasa tijekom 2013. i 2014. godine. Geokemijski atlas Siska napisan je na hrvatskom i engleskom jeziku. U njemu je opisan povijesni razvoj grada od keltske Segestice u IV. stoljeću prije Krista, rimske Siscie u I. stoljeću prije Krista, stagnacije grada u srednjem vijeku i velikog industrijskog razvoja u XX. stoljeću. Grad Sisak se razvio na aluvijalnim poplavnim ravnicama rijeka Kupe, Odre i Save. Geološke naslage u istraživanom području su kvartarne starosti i obuhvaćaju, osim aluvijalnih sedimenata, i naslage prapora u velikom meandru rijeke Kupe. U ruralnom dijelu istraživanog područja prevladavaju hidromorfna tla, a u urbanom dijelu tehnogena (urbana) tla. Tlo je uzorkovano u pravilnoj kvadratnoj mreži s gustoćom uzorkovanja 4 uzorka/km2 u gradu i 1 uzorak/km2 u ruralnoj okolici. Uziman je kompozitni uzorak na dubini od 0 do 10 cm. Sveukupno su uzeta 144 uzorka na 65, 18 km2 istraživane površine. Uzorci tla su osušeni na sobnoj temperaturi, usitnjeni, homogenizirani i prosijani na < 2 mm. Zatim su otopljeni u zlatotopki te analizirani s inducirano spregnutom plazmom – masenom spektrometrijom (ICP MS). Kontrola kvalitete uzorkovanja provedena je uzimanjem 7 terenskih duplikata. Kontrolom kvalitete laboratorijskih ispitivanja određena je preciznost umetanjem 18 ponovljenih laboratorijskih uzoraka i točnost umetanjem 27 uzoraka četiri vrste standarda. Kvaliteta uzorkovanja i laboratorijskih analiza po svim kriterijima je dobra. Rezultati istraživanja su pohranjeni u GIS bazu podataka iz koje su nakon statističke obrade, generirane geokemijske karte prostorne raspodjele 44 elemenata. Sadržaj većine elemenata povećan je u industrijskoj zoni iz koje su oni dispergirani vjetrom na okolna naselja i poljoprivredna zemljišta. U starom Sisku elementi se akumuliraju od antičkog vremena te su povećani sadržaji Ag, Au, Cu, Hg, P, Pb, Sb, Sn i Zn. Uz prometnice su najčešće povišene koncentracije Cu, Mo, Pb, U, Y, Ti i Zn. U siliciklastičnim naslagama aluvija rijeka Kupe i Odre dijelom su povećani sadržaji Be, Ce, Co, Cs, Fe, Ga, La, Li, Mo, Nb, Ni, Rb, Sc, Th, Tl, V i Zn. U karbonatnim naslagama aluvija rijeke Save povećani su sadržaji Ca, Mg, S i Sr. Prostorna raspodjela kemijskih elementa ovisila je prvenstveno o geogenim i antropogenim utjecajima na određenom području. ENGLESKI: Urban geochemical investigations are being performed in increasing number of world cities. Croatian Geological Survey in cooperation with the city of Sisak, and as a part of Pan-European project in Europe “URGE – Soil, children, health“, carried out the geochemical research work of soils in the urban environment of the Sisak city and its rural surroundings. The field work was completed in the year 2010, laboratory investigations in 2011, while data processing and data representation including publication of this Atlas was finished from 2012 to 2014. Geochemical Atlas of Sisak was presented both in Croatian and English. It comprises the historical development of the city since the Celtic Segestica in the 4th century BC, through the Roman Siscia in the 1st century AD, down to its stagnation in the middle Ages and huge industrial development in the 20th century. The city of Sisak has grown up on the alluvial floodplains of the Kupa, Odra and Sava Rivers. Geological deposits in the investigated area belong to Quaternary comprising, beside the alluvial sediments, also the loess deposits in the Great Meander of the Kupa River. In the rural part of this area hydromorphic soils prevail while in the urban part technogenic (urban) soils are dominant. The soils were sampled in the regular square grid following the sampling density of 4 samples per km2 in the city itself and 1 sample per km2 in the rural surroundings. The sample was collected as a composite from the depth between 0 and 10 cm. There are a total of 144 samples collected from 65.18 km2 of the investigated area. The samples were dried at the room temperature, powdered and sieved to the <2mm. Afterwards, they were digested in the aqua regia and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma emission mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The quality control of the sampling was carried out by the reruns of the 7 field duplicates. The quality control of the laboratory investigations was needed to determine the precision by using 18 reruns of the laboratory samples while precision by inserting 27 samples of the four types of standards. The quality of sampling and laboratory analyses was high according to all criteria. The results of investigations had been stored in the GIS database from which, after the statistical processing, were generated the geochemical maps of the spatial distribution of 44 elements. The content of the most elements was increased in the industrial zone from which the latter were dispersed by wind toward the nearby settlements and rural ground. In the Old Sisak the elements have been accumulating since the ancient times, which is why the contents of Ag, Au, Cu, Hg, P, Pb, Sb, Sn and Zn were increased. Most often the concentrations of Cu, Mo, Pb, U, Y, Ti and Zn were elevated along the traffic lines. Siliciclastic deposits of the Kupa and Odra River partly showed the increased contents of Be, Ce, Co, Cs, Fe, Ga, La, Li, Mo, Nb, Ni, Rb, Sc, Th, Tl, V and Zn. On the contrary, in the carbonate deposits comprising the alluvium of the Sava River the contents of Ca, Mg, S and Sr were increased. The spatial distribution of chemical elements was primarily dependent on geogenic and anthropogenic impact having affected certain area.

geochemical mapping ; urban soil ; geochemical atlas ; Sisak

Knjigu su izdala tri nakladnika. Narodnja knjižnica i čitaonica Vlado Gotovac Sisak - ISBN: 978-953-6468-16-4 ; Gradski muzej Sisak - ISBN 978-953-6439-59-1 i Hrvatski geološki institut - ISBN 978-953-6907-43-4