engleski

Variation of winter wheat yields in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina among years with aspect of climatic changes

The used arable land covering in Croatia 882752 ha and in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) 447181 ha (average 2008-2012) or 15.60% (Croatia) and 8.75% (B&H) of the state territory. Main field crops (average 2008-2012) are maize for grain (302266 ha and 189 557 ha and winter wheat (168433 ha and 57480 ha). Annual yields of wheat in the mentioned period were from 4.00 to 5.50 t/ha (Croatia) and from 2.63 to 3.80 t/ha (B&H). Global warming and increasingly experiencing with extreme weather conditions around the globe affecting often adversely on field crop yields. Annual temperature over Europe increased between 0.1 and 0.4% /decade. In our study, average air temperature in 2008- 2012 (October-June) were higher from average (1961-1990) for 0.9 oC (Osijek), 1.5 oC (Zagreb), 0.8 oC (Tuzla) and 1.2 oC (Banja Luka). As both in Croatia and B&H are dominant less permeable soils, the low yields of wheat in the growing season 2009/2010 (4.00 t/ha in Croatia and 2.63 t/ha in B&H: average of the remaining four years 5.30 t/ha and 3.74 t/ha, respectively) are in close connection with excessive precipitation. Precipitation in December-February (mm) were 244 (Osijek), 230 (Zagreb), 296 (Tuzla) and 414 (Banja Luka) or the higher for the referent values (1961-1990) for 76%, 57%, 59% and 90%, respectively. Also, loss of yield is partly caused by excess of precipitation in May and June (350 mm in Osijek, 434 mm in Tuzla and 383 mm in Banja Luka (average 1961-1990: 147 mm, 203 mm and 209 mm, respectively).

climate changes ; precipitation ; air temperature ; wheat yield ; year effects

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