engleski

The placebo-nocebo response : Controversies and challenges from clinical and research perpsective

Placebo and nocebo responses fascinate, confuse, mystify and challenge. They are genuine social, cultural and psychobiological phenomena which can significantly modify the overall treatment outcome. The placebo-nocebo phenomenon represents a vey good model for our better understanding the role of treatment context and how the words, indices, symbols and icons act on our brain. Placebp response is associated with reward expectancy and relief of anticipatory anxiety, while nocebo response is related to alck of reward/positive expectancy and to increase of anticipatory anxiety. Placebo-nocebo responses aere mediated through changes in various cortico-subcortical networdks and psychophysiological systems. In spite of many existing complementary theopries and still growing research on placebo and nocebo response, the implementation of our current knowledge to benefit basic research, clinical trials and routine clinical practice is still so scarce.

placebo; nocebo; specific and non-specific treatment effects; treatment context; creative psychopharmacotherapy

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