engleski

Orthodontic materials – biomechanical aspects

Optimal force is the amount of force resulting with the fastest tooth movement without damage of periodontal tissue, root and bone resorption and discomfort to the patient. Most orthodontists apply light forces in their clinical work. It is important to achieve light force, because too heavy force cause hyalinisation or necrosis of PDL and alveolar bone, usually lasts about 2 or 3 weeks. After elimination of the hyaline zone, further tooth movement is possible. Important task for orthodontist is to have optimal or suboptimal force level in the period between the two visits. The most important force element in orthodontic is archwire. In clinical work, selection of an archwire requires consideration of not only its chemical and physical properties, but also factors such as the severity of malocclusion and treatment plan. The archwires should be sufficiently elastic, formable, not affected by oral enviroment (pH changes), esthetic and have good price. Selection of the archwire depends on the purpose that you want to achieve. The most important criteria for the archwire selection are load/ deflection rate, working range and springback. Beside the wires there is variety of other active elements that can be used in clinical work, such as elastics and coil springs. From the standpoint of friction, ligation method has important role in orthodontic treatment. From a clinical perspective, good knowledge of the biomechanical properties of materials enables aesthetically and functionally best treatment results.

biomechanics; materials

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