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Chloramphenicol residues measurement in muscle tissue by LC-MS/MS

Chloramphenicol (CAP) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the fenicol drug family. It has historical veterinary uses in most food- producing animals for the treatment of a variety of infections caused by aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, and with current uses in humans and companion animals. CAP was originally isolated from the soil organism Streptomyces venezuelae in 1947, but is now produced synthetically. There is concern about the potential genotoxicity of CAP and its metabolites and of its embryo-and foetotoxicity, its carcinogenic potential in humans and the lack of a dose-response relationship for aplastic anaemia caused by treatment with CAP in humans. In 1994, the use of CAP was banned in food-producing animals by the European Union (EU) due to the potential health risk posed by its traces in food, and a zero tolerance level was established for the compound in edible tissues (European Regulation 94/1430/CEE). In accordance with Commission Decision 2002/657/EC, the EU has set a Minimum Required Performance Limit (MRPL) for CAP of 0.3 μg/kg in meat and other matrices. Therefore, it is necessary to control CAP residues in animal tissues. The LC-MS/MS method for the detection of chloramphenicol was validated according to the validation method criteria laid down in Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. For that purpose, the following parameters were set: specificity, linearity, limit of decision (CCα) 0.17 μg/kg, detection of capability (CCβ) 0.19 μg/kg, precision expressed using CV% 6.8%, within-laboratory reproducibility 6.3% and accuracy expressed as recovery 96.6%. Analyses were conducted using a chloramphenicol standard and internal chloramphenicol-d5 standard according to the procedure of four identification points (two precursors and two ion products). A total of 60 muscle samples (8 beef, 17 pork, 21 poultry, 11 fish, 3 rabbit) were analysed for chloramphenicol residues. The concentrations of the quantified results ranged from 0.004 to 0.139 μg/kg. The presented results were below the MRPL value of 0.3 μg/kg for chloramphenicol. Chloramphenicol residues were not found in analysed muscle samples. Therefore, according to the obtained results, the sampled meat is safe for human consumption.

chloramphenicol; LC-MS/MS; MRPL; residues; validation

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