engleski

Colorectal cancer, novel biomarkers and immunohistochemistry, an overview

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer in Europe and leading cause of death. A combination of therapy with targeted agents and also knowledge of many biomarkers is significantly increasing to better guide selection of treatment. Biomarkers which are currently used as predictive and prognostic as well as factors for therapy selection are described in this overview. It refers to microsatellite instability (MSI), RAS- family of oncogenes, BRAF, TP53, Ki-67, Oncotype DX_, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, 18q LOH and CpG island methylator phenotype. Only a few biomarkers are currently used and in routine reported by pathologist. Future studies need to consider the combination of markers, standardizing protocols and if possible simple and standardized assays for the detection of molecular markers.

colorectal cancer; biomarkers; microsatellite instability; KRAS; BRAF

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