engleski

Lika’s Associations for the Embellishment of the Places – the Beginnings of the Protection of Cultural and Natural Features

Lika's societies for the embellishment of the places – the beginnings of the protection of cultural and natural features Although this presentation as the central element has the existing associations that have influenced primarily on the esthetic view of the places and their nearby environment, it is important to emphasize the circumstances that have influenced the associations' activities, and to indicate the area that these associations have included. It is precisely the environment of Lika region the one that is for centuries under the climatic and vegetation alterations, but also under the changes of human adjustments to the natural resources. The area of Lika region has always been in synergy with the people who have been connected with the environment not just due to economic needs, but due to respect they have felt for the environment as the equal copartner of the life on Earth. By gradual abandoning of the Military Border-kind-of- living, the residents of Lika still maintained the traditional knowledge about the environment in the village area so as the one regarding the smaller cities. However, at the end of the 19th century a new civic and capitalist society emerged, causing the appearance of the first organized initiatives that have dealt with systematic protection of city environment as well as the natural environment. Care about the natural environment in a way that includes new cultural environment begun at the beginning of the 19th century in then Prussia and Bavaria, gradually spreading on the other parts of the Middle Europe. Systematic interventions regarding the environment existed in Lika region even during the Military Border. Especially significant was the venture of the Austrian general and soldier Ernst Gideon von Laudon who in 1746 systematically planted the grove at the area of sandy Krbava Field. At the area of Lika and Podgorje several societies for embellishment and protection of the places and their surroundings have been established. These are: the Society for the Protection and Embellishment of the Plitvice Lakes (1894), the Society for the Protection and Embellishment of the City of Gospić and its Environment (1896), the Society for the Embellishment of Udbina (1907), the Society for the Protection and Embellishment of Jablanac and its Environment (1910), the Society for the Embellishment of Karlobag and its Environment (1913), the Society for the Embellishment of Senj and its Environment (1913), the Society for the Embellishment of Korenica (1920) and the Society for the Improvement of Krasno and its Environment (1932). These societies had economic interests because careful protection of the places has been a model that has served for the attraction of the foreigners interested in those places, whereas the city environment has been an indicator of the progress and civilized attitude towards the natural and cultural environment. The emphasis of this presentation is precisely the introduction of these associations, their members and the steps they have taken regarding the aesthetic protection and the ecological consciousness. Besides these associations, the contribution on the mostly anthropogenic influence on the primordial environment of Lika's rivers, mountains and villages had the mountaineering associations, Estate Communities so as the educational employees who have took care of the school gardens. In such a manner, this presentation will give an overview on these important subjects of protection, however it will introduce one more important element – the presentation of Lika's surrounding to the general public interested in these issues. Therefore, this presentation has a goal to present and argue the real effects of the functioning of the associations for the embellishment of the places and their environment, but it also tends to examine were these only the formal initiatives of a small part of the city elite.

Sustainable development; Associations for the Embellishment of the Places; Plitvice Lakes ;

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