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The importance of flavonoids-CYP enzymes interactions

Flavonoids represent a group of phytochemicals exhibiting a wide range of biological activities arising mainly from their antioxidant properties and ability to modulate several enzymes or cell receptors. In recent years, flavonoids have attracted increasing interests due to their various beneficial pharmacological effects including anti- inflammatory, anti-allergic, antiviral, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. However, not all flavonoids and their actions are necessarily beneficial. Some flavonoids have mutagenic and/or prooxidant effects and can also interfere with essential biochemical pathways. Among the proteins that interact with flavonoids, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) play a prominent role. CYPs are heme-containing mixed- function oxidases, very important in metabolism of hydrophobic endogenic substrates (sterols, prostaglandins, fatty acids) and ingested foreign compounds, xenobiotics (drugs, food components). The milestone of the completion of the sequence of the human genome revealed the presence of 57 different active genes encoding CYPs. All genes encoding CYP enzymes are polymorphic. The functional importance of the variant alleles, however, differs and the frequencies of their distribution in different ethnic groups also differ. Flavonoid compounds influence CYP enzymes in several ways: flavonoids induce the expression of several CYPs and modulate (inhibit or stimulate) their metabolic activity. In addition, some CYPs participate in metabolism of flavonoids.

Flavonoids; CYP enzymes

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