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A Detailed Population History Reconstructed from Genome Sequences of Four Archaic Hominins and Fourteen Modern Humans.

The high-coverage genomes of a Neandertal and Denisovan individuals from the Altai Mountains in Southern Siberia have provided insights into the history and relationships of archaic and modern humans (Meyer et al., Science 2012 ; Prüfer et al., Nature 2014). The demographic history of Neandertal populations across Eurasia, however, remains largely unknown. Here we present the first integrated demographic analysis making use of the DNA sequences of chromosome 21 from two Neandertals from Spain and Croatia together with the two archaic genomes from Southern Siberia and 14 present-day humans. The analysis was conducted using the Generalized Phylogenetic Coalescent Sampler (G-PhoCS ; Gronau et al., Nat Genet 2011), a Bayesian method for robust demographic inference based on the joint analysis of small numbers of individuals from multiple populations.

Population history; DNA; Archaic and Modern Humans

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