engleski

Rare tumors of the mediastinum - Thymoma: a case report

INTRODUCTION Thymoma are rare but the most common tumors of the mediastinum with an incidence of 0.05 per 100, 000 people per year, derived from epithelial cells. They often associated with autoimmune disorders such as myasthenia gravis, rheumatoid arthritis, pernicious anemia, polymyositis and thyroiditis. It occurs at any age, usually over 50 years. The most common symptoms are chest pain, cough, difficulty breathing, dysphonia, superior vena cava syndrome and a group of symptoms from paraneoblastic syndrome. Selected laboratory tests can be used in the diagnosis and tumor dissemination. A computed tomography (CT) of the chest is the „gold standard“ in the diagnosis of this disease and definitive confirmation of tumor is determined by histopathological analysis removed the tumor mass. Surgery is definitely the best choice of treatment in these patients, except those with inoperable tumor location, and patients with distant metastases. DISCUSSION In this work we present a patient with a rare tumor of the mediastinum, the low incidence. We wanted to point out the fact that in patients with insufficiently clear symptoms should never be easily establish the diagnosis. Patients should listen carefully for noting the symptoms and take advantage of all available diagnostic methods, before we make a definite diagnosis. Our patient was at the age of 60 years with unclear and not defined symptoms. She has been reviewed on several occasions by various specialties through the interval time of nearly a year. Only when he admitted to the cardiology because of shortness of breath and reduced exercise tolerance, and has been done by ultrasound of the heart, where it was discovered by the dull masses pericardium, it was realized that he is seriously ill. Using diagnostics that possesses a three-dimensional imagery, CT, confirmed the diagnosis of tumors of the mediastinum. Operative treatment at the clinic with later histopathological processing was diagnosed thymoma. Through the later control of cardiologists, neurologists, endocrinologists and family doctor, it was found that our patients is in good general condition. CONCLUSION We showed patient with thymoma, which was successfully removed. It was noninvasive thymoma asymptomatic anterior mediastinum, which belonged to the 1.st stage at the applicable classification. Although rare in clinical practice, the thymoma occurs in about 30% of the tumor anterior mediastinum. It may be asymptomatic, non-invasive or associated with symptomatic compression syndrome or bleeding. It is often associated with immunological, hematological and neurological disorders that we can refer on the diagnosis.

thymoma

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