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Resting heart rate is associated with an increased prevalence of nonproliferative and proliferative/laser treated retinopathy in normoalbuminuric type 1 diabetic patients

Identification of the determinants of the onset of early diabetic retinopathy is essential for reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes. Many study have identified poor glycemic control, duration of diabetes and blood pressure as most important risk factors for development of retinopathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of clinical and metabolic parameters with nonproliferative (NPR) and proliferative/laser tretaed retinopathy (PR)in normoalbuminuric T1DM. Study included 333 (198 without retinopathy, 135 with NPR and PR) normoalbuminuric T1DM with normal or mildly decreased renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate over 60ml/min), before any internevtiions with statins, ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers. eGFR was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKDEPI) formula. Microalbumin was measured spectrophotometrically by turbidimetric immuno-inhibition. Diagnosis of retinopathy was made by fundoscopy after pupillary dilatation. Resting heart rate was determined using a standard 12-lead ECG after a resting period of 10 minutes and expressed in beats per minute. Only resting HR was associated with NPR and PR in our normoalbuminuric type 1 diabetic patients with normal or mildly impaired renal function.

heart rate; retinopathy; type 1 diabetes

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