engleski

The role of determining the status of KRAS gene in colorectal cancer

Abstract: Introduction and aim: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most highly malignant tumors and is among the leading causes of death in developed countries. A very complex and long lasting process, closely related to interaction of external and genetic factors, contributes to development of this malignant disease. Activation of the KRAS oncogene is of importance in colorectal carcinogenesis. Methods: Surgically resected colorectal cancer tissue, embedded in paraffin sections, was used for molecular analysis of the KRAS gene. DNA isolation is performed using cobas® DNA Sample Preparation Kit. The status of the KRAS gene is determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction method - Real Time PCR (cobas® 4800 System) with cobas® KRAS Mutation Test CE-IVD which is used for detection of somatic mutations of the KRAS gene. Result: Out of the total of 40 analyzed colorectal cancer tissue samples, point mutation on codons 12, 13 or 61 was detected in 18 samples (45%). On codons 12 and 13 mutation was determined in 16 patients, and two patients had mutation on codon 61. Conclusion: The presence of point mutations on codons 12, 13 and 61 of the KRAS gene in colorectal cancer is predictive of the lack of response to therapy with new drugs, and is determined in all patients eligible for immunotherapy. Personalized approach to CRC treatment helps avoid unnecessary side-effects and toxicity, and optimize costs in healthcare system. Combination of target therapy with predictive biomarkers improves efficacy in target patient group and the patients' benefit from applied drugs.

KRAS gene; colorectal cancer; Real Time PCR

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