engleski

Acute Exercise and Endothelial Function: A Single Exposure to Hypertension

While chronic hypertension is associated with endothelial dysfunction (ED) less is known about the effects of brief episodes of hypertension on endothelial function (EF). Some studies demonstrated that even short period of moderate elevations in perfusion pressure reduces conduit arteries EF for a few hours and that such ED extends to the human microcirculation. Physical activity and exercise prescription is an important component of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and risk management. It is well recognized that both chronic aerobic and resistance exercise protects against the development of CVDs. However, it was demonstrated that sudden death and cardiovascular events occur at high frequency during or soon after vigorous exercise. In addition, acute exhausting exercise can induce large, transient increases in arterial pressure and development of metabolic acidosis which can be associated with pro-inflammatory response involving oxidant stress and circulating cytokines known to impair EF. Considering these findings some recent studies, including our, aimed to investigate whether brief elevations in arterial pressure during acute exercise impair ED. These studies investigated the effects of both, acute aerobic and resistance training on endothelial-dependent vasodilation (EDV), in different vascular beds in sedentary or physically active healthy population and/or CVD patients. However, there is still no consensus on the endothelial response to acute aerobic and resistance exercise in different study populations. Although some studies implying the beneficial effect of acute exercise on EF, there have been lots of evidence that EDV is impaired and sustained or unchanged after acute exercise. Regarding mechanisms, physiological changes following acute exercise session may play role in: a) altered nitric oxide formation and bioavailability ; b) changes in antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress, c) changes in vascular structure and/or d) modified EDV. Taken together, these results suggest that there is the exercise paradox whereby chronic exercise is associated with improved cardiovascular health, whereas acute exercise can be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. On the other hand, it is possible that maintained EDV in conditioned individuals could protect against altered vascular and hemodynamic responses to physiological perturbations such as acute hypertension, systemic hypoxemia, and hyperglycemia.

acute exercise; endothelium; hypertension

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