engleski

Influence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae on onion production from seedlings

VA mycorrhizal fungi are being increasly used in vegetable production. Advantage of their application are specially expressed in vegetables grown from seedlings. The starting assumption was that the planting of mycorrhizal seedlings into the soil might result in onion bulbs of larger diameter, that is higher yields per unit area. Two strains of VA mycorrhizal fungus Glomus etunicatum, G-107 and G-139, were used in a three trial. The amount of inoculum applied was 10 vol. % and 20 vol. %, respectively. Substrate for seedling production was composed of a mixture of sand and expanded clay. Onion seedlings were grown in polystirene cantainers (with 40 pots), by sowing cv. Dutch Yellow. Eight weeks after sowing, a analysis of mycorrhiza efficency was made and the mass and hight of onion seedlings were determined. The remaing seedlings were replanted into field conditions according to the method of randomized block design in 4 replications. After the harvest, bulb mass and diameter were determined and the percent of mycorrhiza on onion roots was established by mycroscope analysis. Introduction of inoculum from the endomycorrhizal fungus Glomus etunicatum strains G-107 and G-139 into sterilized inert substrate in seedling production (from seed) led to partial mycorrhizal infection of the root 56 to 81 %, which was positively reflected in a higher mass 43 to 99 % and height of onion seedlings 20 to 38 % in all three trial years. In growing, on hortisol of the experimental field, without fertilization, irrigation or protection against diseases and pests, relatively poor and partial mycorrhizal infection was determined, from 35 % to 50 % (depending on the year and treatment). A significant increase in bulb mass (25 to 56 %) and bulb diameter (21 to 40 %) relative to the check was achived in all three trial years with strain G-139, inoculated with 10 vol. % and 20 vol. % of inoculum, as well as with strain G-107 inoculated with 20 vol. % of inoculum.

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