engleski

Vascular Dysfunction and Exercise

The endothelium regulates vascular permeability and actively controls the exchange of molecules in response to environmental and molecular signals. Endothelial cells regulate vascular tone by releasing a number of soluble mediators, including nitric oxide, prostaglandin I2, and endothelium- derived hyperpolarizing factor. Disbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants results in increased production of reactive oxygen species, increased oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Endothelium dysfunction is characterized by an impaired nitric oxide bioavailability due to reduced production of nitric oxide, reduced endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations and enhanced production of contracting factors. Endothelium dysfunction leads to vascular remodeling by vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix remodeling. The presence of impaired endothelium- dependent vasodilation is taken as a marker of endothelial dysfunction. Benefits of exercise on the cardiovascular system have long been recognized. Most clinical and experimental studies have reported beneficial effects of regular physical activity in increasing nitric oxide bioavailability and reducing oxidative stress. Therefore, regular physical exercise may be a protective factor against vascular dysfunction induced by acute exertion.

Endothelium; Exercise; Oxidative stress

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