hrvatski

Strukturne značajke suhozidne mreže kao pokazatelji antropogenog utjecaja na krajobraz – primjer južnog dijela otoka Visa, Hrvatska

This paper deals with analysis of the dry stonewall network structural features and their relationship with the natural landscape. Thus, specific approach was applied – elements of dry stonewall network are analyzed within previously determined spatial units (geocomplex types) that are defined by their internal vertical structure. Based on this set of relations, it is possible to reconstruct the spatial distribution and characteristics of the areas under impact of anthropopression which directly affected the degree of fragmentation and diversity. Landscape metrics (indicators of the composition and configuration of the landscape) was applied in analysis of dry stonewalls structure. Several basic research objectives were set: a) to determine the characteristics of size of dry stonewall network and to select landscape indicators that are most appropriate to define its structure, b) to determine the basic features of the dimension of landscape elements (geocomplex types) within which parts of dry stonewall network are contained c) to determine the nature and the degree of their relationship (relationship between dry stonewall network and anthropogenic impact on the landscape). Data obtained from GIS analysis were further processed by landscape metrics methods and statistical methods of linear correlation and factor analysis. To determine the nature and degree of correlation between eleven analysed variables, method of multiple linear correlation was used. Factor analysis was conducted in order to reduce a number of variables to a smaller number of factors that define the structure and complexity of dry stonewall network and the degree of anthropogenic impact on the landscape. The authors presume that the achievement of these goals will enable to define the features of the current structure and the associated landscape of southern part of Vis Island. Additionally, it will enable definition of general patterns of impact of the socio-geographic processes during historical and geographical development that led to their present appearance and condition. All this should serve as guidance when deciding on the method and degree of protection of specific natural and cultural landscapes ; and eventual revitalization to sustainable tourism valuation. On the basis of the analysis we can conclude the following: 1. Anthropogenic impact (in spatial terms) is very unevenly expressed in the southern part of Vis Island, primarily due to its geographic predisposition (diversity of geomorphological, climatic and soil conditions, distance from populated areas, availability, etc.), as indicated by the high variability in the values of the analyzed parameters on the level of geocomplex types which is reflected in the landscape as a whole. 2. Dry stonewall network shows great complexity of the structure, defined by variables of configuration and composition. This complexity is expressed through significant differences in the mutual relations of the analyzed variables of 92 geocomplex types, represented by a matrix of correlation coefficients. 3. Shapes of geocomplex types are in significant correlation with almost all variables of dry stonewall network (except the average length of drywall). Relatively high correlation with the variables of diversity and dominance confirms the importance of anthropogenic impact. 4. Factor analysis of thirteen variables of dry stonewall structure and associated landscape reduced this to two factors. The first factor is defined as the factor of the landscape structure (caused by changes in biotic / abiotic features due to anthropogenic activities), and the other as a factor of anthropopression or anthropogenically caused fragmentation and diversification of the landscape (as a consequence of the mode and intensity of construction of dry stonewall network) that represent the structural characteristics of the dry stonewall network within the individual elements of the landscape. Within the second factor, based on the factor points, individual impact of variables on transformation of the natural landscape is determined. Analyses have shown that used methodologies can serve to reconstruct anthropogenic impact on the landscape and the degree of intensity of land use during historical and geographical development. Extensive database containing information on structure of dry stonewall network and natural features of the landscape allows precise selection of the areas that are most suitable for reconstruction in terms of reconstruction and interior of dry stonewall network for tourism or renewal of traditional agriculture, in line with sustainable development.

mreža suhozida; krajobraz; krajobrazna metrika; južni Vis

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