engleski

Aircraft balancing for the purpose of Air Traffic Safety

Aircraft balancing is a process of high importance in the preparation of aircraft for a safe flight. There are four components that act on the aircraft in flight: the force of lift, the force of drag, weight and thrust. In order to insure safe aircraft take-off, a number of calculations need to be done. From the safety aspect, attention should be paid to maximum weight and aircraft limitations that are not to be exceeded. The total aircraft weight depends on the basic weight of the empty aircraft and the weight loaded onto the aircraft. If the aircraft is not within the defined limits, its structure is disturbed and this may cause serious danger, which may even have catastrophic consequences – aircraft crash. One more important factor needs to be mentioned, necessary for the aircraft safety, and that is the position of the centre of gravity in relation to the front and rear safety limit of the aircraft. The positions of the safety limits depend on the aircraft type and these should not be exceeded, since otherwise, the flight safety would be greatly endangered. The area in which the point of force is located depends on several factors such as: the number and position of baggage compartments which differ depending on the type of aircraft, and the previous calculations regarding aircraft loading, taking into consideration the load of each baggage compartment. Great importance for a safe flight lies also on the component of weight and arrangement of passengers in the cabin, as well as the total weight of fuel on board. For safe aircraft balancing, the principle of equalizing negative and positive momentums around axis y is applied. The moment y on the aircraft represents an imaginary line which passes along the wing span. In practice there are methods which are used to bring the aircraft into a safe flying position. This work will describe the procedures used to bring the aircraft into a safe flying position, as well as the influences of correct loading of aircraft on the flight safety.

Aircraft balancing; flight safety; maximum aircraft load; dangerous goods; aircraft balancing methods

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