engleski

Soil Compaction under Different Tillage System on Stagnic Luvisols

Soil compaction issue is a growing limiting factor for agricultural production. Progress in technology and agriculture, as desire to increase efficiency and consolidate multiple farming operations, launched a long-term trend of soil destruction as a result of compaction. Researchers around the World reported on the millions hectares of degraded land by compaction. Soil compaction occurs in a wide range of climatic conditions and soils. Soil degradation with compaction have no visible signs on the soil surface, which further complicates the problem of locating and tracking of degraded soils. The experiment placed in central Croatia on Stagnic Luvisols will try to provide an assessment of the impact of tillage system on soil compaction. The aim of this study is to determine the optimal tillage system due to the compaction of individual horizons. For that reason field experiment with six soil tillage systems was set up in central Croatia. Tillage systems differed in tools that were used, depth and direction of tillage, and consisted of: Check treatment – uncultivated (CT) ; Conventional ploughing up/down the slope (CP) ; No tillage (NT) ; Ploughing across of slope (PA) ; Deep ploughing (50 cm) across of slope (DP) ; Conventional ploughing across of slope with subsoiling (50 cm) (SUB). During 2012 soil resistance was measured with penetrometer Eijkelkamp Penetrologger during eight terms. Information of bulk density, porosity and other physical soil properties were also collected. Statistical data evaluation showed significant differences in bulk density and soil porosity in most of the soil layers between all tillage systems. Bulk density values at all depths of all tillage systems varied in ranges of 1.47- 1.69 g cm-3. Soil porosity showed significant difference between all tillage systems in surface and deepest soil layer. Values ranged between 38.18 and 47.19%. Soil resistance at depth of 0- 10 cm varied from 0.04 to 3.76 MPa, at depth of 10-20 cm from 0.06 to 4.82 MPa, at depth of 20-30 cm from 0.14 to 6.04, at depth of 30-40 cm from 0.25 to 7.18 MPa, and at depth of 40-60 cm from 0.41 to 7, 59 depending on the period of the soil water content. Soil resistance showed significant differences in most of the soil layers between all tillage systems. There were no significant differences in soil resistance between soil layers during dry (August) and wet (December) period in layers up to 30 cm. It can be concluded that different tillage practice significantly affected soil resistance at most of the soil layers during the year, except at highest periods precipitation surplus and deficit.

tillage; soil resistance; bulk density; soil porosity

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