engleski

Underground water dynamics and physical characteristics hydromorphic soils of protected part of alluvial plain of Danube in southern Bačka

Background and Purpose: The work presents basic types of hydromorphic soils in protected area of middle part of Danube alluvial plain in Vojvodina. Danube as the largest river in the Republic of Serbia is the first river which created itself tits bed through the Pannonian plain. Due to the mild decrease of river bed slope and lateral erosion, as a characteristic of lowland rivers, it formed a large dry alluvial plain. It was formed during the Holocene by alternating action of fluvial, erosion and accumulation processes. Materials and methods: The soil in protected area is too humid for the influence of underground water. In this work are studied following classes of hydromorphic soils in the protected area of alluvial plain of river Danube: undeveloped hydromorphic soils (fluvisol), semigley soils (humofluvisol) and gley soils (humogley and eugley). Four soil types were examined within the hydromorphic order of soils: fluvisol, humofluvisol, humogley and eugley. Groundwater level measurements were carried out twice a month during the growing season, in two years, as well as the water level of the Danube River. The distance of piezometers from Danube was also measured. By each piezometer, the pedological profile was opened, its external and internal morphology was described and soil samples for laboratory testing were collected. Laboratory examination of soil included following analysis according to standard pedological methods. Results: The most important characteristics of these soils were presented in this work. The hydrological and physical characteristics were particularly described, especially dynamics of underground water during the growing period in two years, granulometric composition, differential porosity and Darcy’s coefficient. The average underground water level related to the soil surface varied in fluvisol from 258-301cm, in humofluvisol from 234-260cm, in humogley from 142-167 cm and eugley from 38-51cm beneath the soil surface. The amplitude of the variation of underground water level varied from 94-120 cm in fluvisol, 138-256 cm in humofluvisol, 105-134 cm in humogley and 43-55 cm in eugley. There was high correlation between underground water level and water level of the river Danube.

underground water; granulometric composition; differential porosity; Darcy’s coefficient; Danube River

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