hrvatski

Pensionem annuam ducentarum et quinquaginta librarum monete in illis partibus currentis, annis singulis quoad uixerit per abbatem dicti monasterii et efficaciter persolvendarum": obveze opata dalmatinskih benediktinskih opatija prema Apostolskoj komori u 15. stoljeću"

System of Benedictine abbeys given in commendum is hard to understand without the basic knowledge of papal right to appoint candidates on vacant ecclesiastical benefices. From as early as the 14th century the office of abbots entered into the category of beneficia maiora thus their appointment was decided on the consistory by the Pope and the College of cardinals. In the early 1420s the new canon law regulation in the administration of major Benedictine abbeys was introduced in the Roman Curia. Coinciding with the Venetian occupation of Dalmatia between 1409 and 1420 some of the richest Benedictine abbeys remained without their abbots. At the end of 1409 Krševan Soppe, abbot of St Grisogonus of Zadar was banished. The solution to the abbey’s long vacancy was found only in 1419: abbot Soppe resigned by proxy at the Roman Curia and was transferred to southern Italy. Consequently, Martino de Ortha from Naples, who also resigned, was rewarded a life-long yearly pension amounting to 150 gold florins of the Apostolic Chamber. His resignation opened the way for the appointment of Zadar patrician Petar, son of Krševan Crissava, doctor in canon law and a monk in the Venetian abbey of Saint Nicholas in Lido. After his death in 1447 the abbey was given in commendum to cardinal Pietro Barbo, nephew of Eugene IV, the future pope Paul II himself. Nikola Lovrin, a monk in the abbey of St Grisogonus in Zadar, was finally appointed abbot of the Trogir’s abbey of St John the Baptist in 1427, after an exhausting competition and several processes in the Roman Sacred Rota with Pietro Branco of the Venetian abbey of San Giorgio Maggiore and cardinal Giordano Orsini. Both of them resigned. Upon Nikolas’ death in 1468, the Trogir abbey became a commendum first of cardinal Marco Barbo, nephew of pope Paul II, who resigned several months later in favour of archbishop of Split, Lorenzo Zane. Similar intricate appointment procedures involving local and foreign monks, clerics and cardinals mostly of Venetian origin employed by the Apostolic Curia, seeking sinecure benefices to achieve regular incomes and improve their financial situation, are well documented by the extant archival sources for other Dalmatian Benedictine abbeys. However, financial hardships these abbots had to face in order to fulfill the various requests the Apostolic Chamber imposed upon them (common and minute services to the cardinals present at the Consistory as well as the payments to lower ranked Chamber offices ; the annual life-long pension amounting to one third of the abbey’s annual income to be paid to the resigning cardinal/archbishop who holds the commendum) have frequently been misinterpreted in the earlier Croatian historiography. In this article, the author offers precise lists of expenses documented by the extant sources in the series of the Apostolic Chamber preserved in the Vatican Secret Archives.

Apostolska komora; benediktinske opatije; Dalmacija; kardinali Barbo (Petar i Marko); komenda; obeštećenje; zlatni floren

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