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Arahidonic and docosahexaenoic acid in maternal venous blood/ plasma, umbilical veins and arteries in healthy and diabetic women

Background. For the fetal growth and development, and especially for the fetal nervous system, arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are of an essential importance. Due to certain evidence of lack of EFA during pregnancy, some authors emphasise need for nutritional supplementation. Objective. The aim of our research was to determine the total amount of the fatty acids (FA) in maternal venous plasma and plasma of umbilical veins and arteries in pregnant women suffering from type 1 diabetes versus healthy pregnant women. Likewise, we wanted to determine the concentration (%) of AA and DHA in relation to the total amount of FA in venous plasma of mothers, plasma of umbilical veins and arteries in diabetic and healthy pregnant women. Methods. The study included 35 pregnant women, 24 with diabetes mellitus type 1 (study group) and 11 healthy women (control group) who gave birth to eutrophic children. Diabetic mothers were on intensive insulin therapy and healthy women were verified as healthy by 75g oral glucose tolerance test (WHO, 1999.) . Extraction of total lipids from the samples was carried out according to the method of Folch. The identification procedure of FA content was performed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Results. Age, BMI, weight gain during pregnancy, weeks of gestation, neonatal birthweigt, Apgar scores and pH were analised and no significant difference was found. There was no statistically significant difference comparing the total amount of FA in venous plasma of mothers between groups. The total amount of FA in the venous serum of diabetic mothers was 6410.7 ± 2204.1 mg/L, and in the control group 6881.6 ± 2569.8 mg/L. Concentration of AA in maternal venous plasma of diabetic pregnant women was significantly lower concentration in comparison to control group. Neither statistically significant difference in DHA concentrations was found between the two groups. It was found significantly higher total amount of FA in the umbilical vein of diabetic mothers (2653 ± 979.9 mg/L) compared to the control group (1873.1 ± 814.1 mg/L). There was no statistical difference of the concentration of AA and DHA in umbilical vein plasma between the two studied groups. There was no significant difference comparing the total amount of FA in the plasma of umbilical artery between the two studied groups (investigated group 2834.4±636.8, control group 2076.9±858.6). Also there was no difference of the concentrations of AA and DHA in the total amount of umbilical artery plasma FA between the two studied groups. Conclusion. Good metabolic control of diabetic pregnant women results in only by minor changes in concentrations of lipids in diabetic compared to healthy pregnant women and their newborns.

arachidonic acid; docosahexaenoic acid; fatty acids; diabetetic women; umbilical veins; umbilical arteries

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