engleski

Diverse Ty3-gypsy elements in sister Anemone and Pulsatilla genera: a structural and cytogenetic perspective

Eukaryotic transposable elements (TEs) are ubiquitous and widespread mobile genetic entities. Genome divergence through transposable elements activity and recombination are ongoing processes that occur within species. We have surveyed highly repeated Ty3/Gypsy families, amplified by PCR in the members of three sister genera Anemone, Pulsatilla and Hepatica of the Anemoninae tribe using degenerative primer pairs matching Reverse Transcriptase (RT) and Integrase (Int). The Blast search identified all TEs as Tekay class of chromoviruses. In Anemone, isolated elements showed great variations considering size, structure and chromosomal position. Despite their dispersed organisation on chromosomes, in some Anemone species, the elements were absent from the DAPI positive heterochromatin regions, while in other species, they showed significant clustering in the DAPI positive heterochromatin regions. In all investigated Pulsatilla species, FISH showed pericentromeric localization of elements on chromosomes. In the phylogenetic tree, the sequences showed clear separation into several clades suggesting that at least two subfamilies of Tekay elements were isolated from the Anemoninae. Diverse organization of Ty3-gypsy elements in Anemone end Pulsatilla genera suggest that they play an important role in plant genome evolution and speciation.

Anemone; transposable elemnts; FISH; Ty3-gypsy clas of retroelements

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