engleski

Contrast radiography of avian gastrointestinal tract

Contrast radiography examination in avian patients is very important procedure for assessment of the gastrointestinal tract. A survey radiographic image in laterolateral (LL) and ventrodorsal (VD) projections should always be obtained before every gastric examination. The indications for contrast radiography of gastrointestinal tract include all of the pathological conditions characterized by morphological changes in the gastrointestinal tract or its wall. It is also used for differentiation neighboring, pathological altered organs (liver, spleen, gonads and kidney). Standard barium sulfate is often used as contrast medium, administered as 25 – 45 % suspension, in dose of 20 ml/kg body weight. Frequently diagnosed changes in the gastrointestinal tract include abnormal contents (foreign bodies, gas), displacement of all parts of the gastrointestinal tract, changes in its form or size and increased or reduced peristalsis. Timing of the radiographic exposures is based on many factors, but all studies should include LL and VD projections done immediately after the administration of the contrast medium. Transit time of contrast medium varies, depending on birds size, age, required diet, nutrition condition, contrast material, effects of systemic disease, etc. It is very difficult to propose right timing for exposures. If contrast medium has entered the intestines on the immediate postcontrast radiographs, the next images are taken in 15 minutes. Radiographs are then made every 30 minutes until contrast medium has entered the colon. In most common avian patient, budgerigar (Melopsicattus undulatus), mean time of passage the contrast are: crop 5 – 15 minutes, stomach 15 – 45 minutes, small intestines 45 – 120 minutes, colon 90 – 120 minutes and cloaca 180 – 240 minutes. Contrast radiography is needed, useful and strongly recommended as simple diagnostic tool for differentiation of many pathological conditions that affect gastrointestinal tract and other related internal organ system.

Birds ; budgerigar (Melopsicattus undulatus) ; gastrointestinal tract ; contrast radiography

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