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Involvement of kaempferol in the defence response of virus infected Arabidopsis thaliana

The roles of several phenolic compounds in plant defence response have been extensively studied, yet little is known about the role of flavonoids in plant-virus interaction. Quantitative and qualitative changes of selected phenolics in Arabidopsis thaliana induced by Cucumber mosaic virus containing satellite RNA (CMVsat) infection were analysed accompanied by plant hormone, chalcone synthase and pathogenesis-related gene expression analysis. Lower leaves of infected plants had a lower concentration of total phenolics compared to control plants. The concentration of kaempferol in upper leaves of all infected plants was significantly lower compared to control plants, while the expression of the chalcone synthase gene in those leaves was in most cases upregulated. All infected plants had a higher concentration of indole-3-acetic acid in lower leaves, which was accompanied with lower concentration of kaempferol in upper leaves. Our research demonstrates a correlation between kaempferol and indole-3-acetic acid in response to CMVsat infection in Arabidopsis. We demonstrated two different metabolic patterns in infected plants suggesting the activation of two different defence responses. We also propose kaempferol to be an important part of the auxin-dependent defence response which limits systemic movement of CMVsat and that this defence response is activated prior to the well-known salicylic acid dependent defence response. Further research on kaempferol and its role in Arabidopsis-CMVsat interaction will improve our understanding on the role of flavonoids in plant defence.

plant-pathogen interaction; Cucumber mosaic virus containing satellite RNA; indole-3-acetic acid; HPLC; GC-MS; qRT-PCR

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