engleski

Subtleties of invariance, covariance and observer independence

The role of the observers is frequently obscured in the literature, either by writing equations in a coordinate system implicitly pertaining to some specific observer or by entangling the invariance and the observer dependence of physical quantities. Using examples in relativistic kinematics and classical electrodynamics, we clarify the confusion underlying these misconceptions.

relativity; covariance; observers; classical electrodynamics; Thomas precession

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