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Giemsa and DAPI staining techniques in micronucleus assay for the evaluation of ultrasound induced genotoxic damage in somatic cells

Background and purpose: The ultrasound application in medicine for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes constantly increases. Up to date, little information about cytogenetic effects of occupationally exposure to the ultrasound is available. The aim of this study was to investigate the presumptive cytogenetic effects of pulsed wave color Doppler ultrasound on the somatic cells genome. Subjects and methods: The subjects of study were medical stuff daily occupationally exposed to pulsed wave color Doppler ultrasound in frequency 2.5-7.5 MHz. The damage of somatic cells genome was evaluated by the micronucleus assay. Micronuclei were stained by Giemsa dye and fluorescent dye DAPI (4’, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-dihydrochloride). Results: The total number of micronuclei was increased in all subjects occupationally exposed to ultrasound. In majority of subjects a high number of MN+ (micronuclei with bright DAPI-positive dots) was detected. Conclusion: Both staining techniques were sensitive for detection of genome damage caused by ultrasound, but DAPI staining give us more information about the origin of the micronuclei.

human lymphocytes ; micronuclei ; Giemsa ; DAPI ; occupationally exposure ; ultrasound

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