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Toxicity of bisphenol A (BPA) on urchin embryo gene expression and morphology

Global usage of bisphenol A (BPA) in production of polycarbonate plastic resulted with high concentrations and negative effect of this synthesized chemical in the environment. BPA is severe endocrine disrupting compound and it has high toxic impact on aquatic organisms. Our research focused on determination of toxic effects of BPA on embryonic stages (2-cell, pluteus) of rocky sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus). The main goals were: (i) real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) measurement of target genes expressions involved in chemical defensome: multixenobitoic resistance (MXR) mechanism (P-glycoprotein/P-gp, Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein/MRP), endocrine disruption (orphan Steroid Hormone Receptor/SHR2), and cell-cycle regulation (Cyclin B, CDK) ; (ii) insight of ultramorphological changes by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). qPCR results indicate the importance of Pgp as the main member of MXR mechanism in defense against BPA while upregulation of SHR2 gene expression clearly indicate endocrine disruption. TEM results strongly support the hypothesis that higher sublethal concentration of BPA induces disorder in karyokinesis and developmental retardation. Our data present an excellent embryotoxicity model that can be assayed for determination of toxic effects of environmentally relevant contaminants.

bisphenol A (BPA); sea urchin embryo

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