engleski

Female’s 100 metres running dynamics

Sprinting speed has certain dynamics constantly changing throughout the sprint race phases. The velocity curve of top-level sprinters running over the 100m course are already well known, but no one has yet evaluated the sprinting activity of female athletes who have not been trained for sprinting. Therefore, the quality and development of these abilities is becoming even more interesting for training practice. The aim of this study was to determine the 100m running dynamics of female athletes as well as differences of different quality groups. The participants were 78 physically active females (age (mean±SD) 20, 1±0, 74 years ; height 167.75±7, 35 cm ; body mass 60, 07±7, 28 kg). Measurement was conducted by means of an electronic measurement device. Dynamics of sprinting over 100m has been observed across ten segments of ten metres each. The hierarchical cluster analysis (Ward, 1963) has been used to determine relatively homogeneous female groups of different sprinting characteristics (seconds (mean±SD) G1 16.48±0.21 (N=9) ; G2 14.81±0.21 (N=18) ; G3 15.28±0.24 (N=22) ; G4 13.11±0.37 (N=8) ; G5 14.07±0.26 (N=21). The segment of maximum sprinting speed has been determined for each analysed group. The values of maximum sprinting speed have been reduced by the standard deviation typical for each group. Differences between groups have been analyzed by the ANOVA. The following segments of sprinting dynamics over the 100m course are known: starting acceleration (0-30m), achieving maximum sprinting speed (30-60m), maintaining maximum sprinting speed (60-80m) and deceleration. In this study more segments have been found: 8 in groups 1 and 2 ; 7 in group 5 ; 6 in group 4 and 4 in group 3. The length of particular segments has varied. In starting acceleration, which is a very dynamic part of sprinting, two segments have been obtained in all observed groups (0-20m). The segment of achieving maximum sprinting speed has become the segment of maintaining maximum sprinting speed which is 20m long in groups 1 and 5 (20-40m) and in groups 2 and 4 (40-60m) whereas in group 3 it is 30m long (20-50m). According to the length of the segment of maximum sprinting speed, it is possible to conclude that all these groups haven’t got efficient running techniques and according to the competition activity, it imposes higher demands on specific sprinting speed endurance. The present study is the first one on females in which the obtained and presented results indicate a quite different structure of running dynamics, although, to be fair enough, certain researchers have pointed to different velocity curves during the course of the 100m sprint event, except in case studies observing world-class sprinters. We assumed that the determination of running dynamics over 100m, performed by the track-and-field’s criteria in non-sprinting examinees, would contribute to establishing certain sprinting regularities. In other words, we have tried to indicate the facts that might limit the progress in learning how to sprint over short courses.

sprint running; running dynamics; 100 m; female

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